Select Government

Scorecard 119-2

The following scorecard lists several key votes in the 119th Congress (January 3, 2025 – January 3, 2027) and ranks congressmen based on their fidelity to constitutional and limited-government principles.

Federal debt equals $355,811 per taxpayer, as of February 7, 2025.

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House Votes

S. 1582, the "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act," would regulate cryptocurrency stablecoins, digital assets used as a means of payment redeemable for a fixed amount of currency. It requires stablecoin issuers to apply to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to be a "permitted payment stablecoin issuer" and maintain 1:1 reserves in approved assets. Additionally, it empowers the Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and Department of the Treasury to oversee permitted stablecoin issuers.

The House passed S. 1582 on July 17, 2025 by a vote of 308 to 122 (Roll Call 200). We have assigned pluses to the nays because the GENIUS Act expands government surveillance and control over private financial activities, creating a backdoor to a central bank digital currency. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution does not permit Congress to regulate the financial sector, and the Fourth Amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and unwarranted government surveillance.

GENIUS Act
Genius bill? The GENIUS Act, passed by Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump, imposes federal regulations and oversight on stablecoins, and is a backdoor to a central bank digital currency.
Jul 17, 2025
Vote Date
View Bill Vote Text
No
Constitutional
House
Chamber

H.R. 1919, the "Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act," would prohibit the Federal Reserve from issuing a central bank digital currency directly to individuals or through intermediaries, bar its use as a tool of monetary policy, and prevent the creation of a federally controlled digital-dollar system that could enable financial surveillance, transaction censorship, and centralized control over Americans' economic lives.

The House passed H.R. 1919 on July 17, 2025 by a vote of 219 to 210 (Roll Call 201). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because Article I, Sections 8 and 10 of the Constitution state that only Congress has the power to "coin Money," referring to precious metals such as gold and silver. The Federal Reserve's fiat system already departs from these limits, and a central bank digital currency would further erode liberty by enabling constant tracking of transactions and unprecedented government surveillance and control over Americans' financial lives.

Jul 17, 2025
Vote Date
View Bill Vote Text
Yes
Constitutional
House
Chamber

During consideration of the fiscal 2026 defense appropriations bill (H.R. 4016), Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-Ga.) offered an amendment to strike the language in the bill authorizing $118 million for overseas humanitarian, disaster, and civic aid programs.

The House rejected Greene's amendment on July 18, 2025 by a vote of 63 to 365 (Roll Call 204). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because foreign aid, not being one of the enumerated powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution, is unconstitutional. Also, as Greene pointed out on the House floor, "The American people are $37 trillion in debt. The Department of Defense's mission is to deter war and ensure our Nation's security. That is their mission, and that is exactly what their funding should be for."

Foreign Aid Programs
America First: Foreign aid is unconstitutional and contradicts a traditional foreign policy of noninterventionism. Now-former U.S. Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-Ga.) introduced multiple amendments to legislation that would have cut foreign aid.
Jul 18, 2025
Vote Date
View Bill Vote Text
Yes
Constitutional
House
Chamber

During consideration of the fiscal 2026 energy-water appropriations bill (H.R. 4553), Representative Scott Perry (R-Pa.), acting for Representative Chip Roy (R-Texas), offered an amendment to strike all funding for the now-defunct Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

The House rejected Scott's amendment on September 4, 2025 by a vote of 127 to 297 (Roll Call 236). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because Congress should end all unconstitutional federal control over the domestic energy sector, in accordance with Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. The push for a "green" or "renewable" economy is part of the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which seeks to implement extreme "climate change" policies. It is nothing other than a fanatical attempt by globalist elites to increase their taxing authority. Rather than undermining American sovereignty, energy independence, and free-market principles, Congress must refrain from exercising regulatory powers that the 10th Amendment reserves to the "States respectively, or to the people."

Sep 4, 2025
Vote Date
View Bill Vote Text
Yes
Constitutional
House
Chamber

S. J. Res. 80 would overturn a 2022 Bureau of Land Management (BLM) rule for the 23-million-acre National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR-A). This disapproval restores a less-restrictive plan that opens more areas to development, and reverses the closure of 48 percent of the NPR-A.

The House passed S. J. Res. 80 on November 18, 2025 by a vote of 216 to 209 (Roll Call 296). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because Congress' disapproval nullifies an unconstitutional regulation that imposed restrictive land management and burdened American energy production under the pretext of environmental protection. The BLM's management of lands exceeds constitutional limits under Article I, Section 8; Article IV, Section 3; and the 10th Amendment. Additionally, such environmentalist policies align with the UN's Agenda 2030, undermining national sovereignty and individual liberty. Congress should reject such policies, abolish the BLM, and transfer lands to state or private ownership.

Alaska Petroleum Reserve Rule
Open for development: Promoting oil and gas drilling is essential for achieving American energy independence. Congress voted to overturn Biden administration regulations that restricted drilling in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska.
Nov 18, 2025
Vote Date
View Bill Vote Text
Yes
Constitutional
House
Chamber

H.R. 1069, the “PROTECT Our Kids Act,” would prohibit federal education funds from being awarded to any elementary or secondary school that directly or indirectly receives support from the government of the People’s Republic of China. This includes partnerships with Confucius Institutes or Classrooms and other arrangements involving Chinese government-backed funding, materials, or personnel.

The House passed H.R. 1069 on December 4, 2025 by a vote of 247 to 164 (Roll Call 313). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution does not permit Congress to fund or legislate on education. Furthermore, federal funds should not subsidize foreign governments’ propaganda, especially adversarial communist regimes with a documented record of censorship and influence operations. Allowing China to finance curricula, personnel, or materials in American schools threatens national sovereignty, undermines parental authority, and exposes students to ideological indoctrination incompatible with American principles.

Dec 4, 2025
Vote Date
View Bill Vote Text
Yes
Constitutional
House
Chamber

How did your legislators vote?

Legend: [ + ] Constitutional vote [ − ] Unconstitutional vote [ · ] Did not vote
Name Party State Score 123456
Alma S. Adams D NC 17%
Robert Aderholt R AL 50%
Pete Aguilar D CA 0%
Mark Alford R MO 50%
Rick W. Allen R GA 67%
Gabe Amo D RI 0%
Mark E. Amodei R NV 50%
Yassamin Ansari D AZ 17%
Jodey Cook Arrington R TX 80%
Jake Auchincloss D MA 17%
Brian Babin R TX 40%
Don Bacon R NE 50%
James R. Baird R IN 50%
Troy Balderson R OH 67%
Becca Balint D VT 17%
Andy Barr R KY 67%
Nanette Diaz Barragan D CA 17%
Tom Barrett R MI 67%
Michael Baumgartner R WA 50%
Aaron Bean R FL 83%
Joyce Beatty D OH 17%
Nick Begich III R AK 83%
Wesley Bell D MO 0%
Cliff B. Bentz R OR 50%
Ami Bera D CA 0%
Jack Bergman R MI 50%
Don S. Beyer D VA 17%
Stephanie Bice R OK 50%
Andy Biggs R AZ 100%
Sheri Biggs R SC 83%
Gus M. Bilirakis R FL 67%
Sanford D. Bishop D GA 17%
Lauren Boebert R CO 83%
Suzanne Bonamici D OR 17%
Mike Bost R IL 67%
Brendan F. Boyle D PA 0%
Josh Brecheen R OK 83%
Rob Bresnahan R PA 50%
Shontel Brown D OH 17%
Julia Brownley D CA 0%
Vern Buchanan R FL 50%
Nikki Budzinski D IL 17%
Tim Burchett R TN 83%
Eric Burlison R MO 100%
Janelle S. Bynum D OR 0%
Ken Calvert R CA 50%
Kat Cammack R FL 83%
Salud O. Carbajal D CA 0%
Mike Carey R OH 50%
Andre Carson D IN 17%
Earl L. Carter R GA 67%
John R. Carter R TX 67%
Troy Carter D LA 17%
Greg Casar D TX 25%
Ed Case D HI 33%
Sean Casten D IL 17%
Kathy Castor D FL 17%
Joaquin Castro D TX 17%
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick D FL 0%
Judy Chu D CA 17%
Juan Ciscomani R AZ 50%
Gil Cisneros D CA 17%
Katherine M. Clark D MA 0%
Yvette D. Clarke D NY 17%
Emanuel Cleaver D MO 17%
Ben L. Cline R VA 83%
Michael Cloud R TX 100%
James E. Clyburn D SC 20%
Andrew Clyde R GA 83%
Steve Cohen D TN 17%
Tom Cole R OK 50%
Mike Collins R GA 83%
James Comer R KY 83%
Herbert C. Conaway D NJ 0%
Gerry Connolly D VA N/A
Luis Correa D CA 0%
Jim Costa D CA 33%
Joe Courtney D CT 33%
Angela Dawn Craig D MN 0%
Eli Crane R AZ 100%
Jeff Crank R CO 67%
Eric A. Crawford R AR 67%
Dan Crenshaw R TX 67%
Jasmine Crockett D TX 0%
Jason Crow D CO 17%
Henry Cuellar D TX 33%
Sharice Davids D KS 33%
Warren Davidson R OH 100%
Danny K. Davis D IL 20%
Don Davis D NC 17%
Monica De La Cruz R TX 60%
Madeleine Dean D PA 17%
Diana DeGette D CO 17%
Rosa L. DeLauro D CT 17%
Suzan DelBene D WA 0%
Chris Deluzio D PA 17%
Mark DeSaulnier D CA 17%
Scott DesJarlais R TN 67%
Maxine Dexter D OR 17%
Mario Diaz-Balart R FL 50%
Debbie Dingell D MI 17%
Lloyd Doggett D TX 17%
Byron Donalds R FL 83%
Troy Downing R MT 67%
Neal P. Dunn R FL 67%
Charles Edwards R NC 50%
Sarah Elfreth D MD 17%
John K. Ellzey R TX 50%
Tom Emmer R MN 67%
Veronica Escobar D TX 17%
Adriano Espaillat D NY 0%
Ron Estes R KS 60%
Dwight Evans D PA 17%
Gabe Evans R CO 50%
Mike Ezell R MS 67%
Patrick Fallon R TX 67%
Julie Fedorchak R ND 67%
Randy L. Feenstra R IA 50%
Teresa Leger Fernandez D NM 17%
Cleo Fields D LA 0%
Shomari Figures D AL 0%
Randy Fine R FL 83%
Brad Finstad R MN 67%
Michelle Fischbach R MN 67%
Scott L. Fitzgerald R WI 83%
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R PA 33%
Charles J. Fleischmann R TN 50%
Elizabeth Pannill Fletcher D TX 17%
Mike Flood R NE 60%
Vince Fong R CA 50%
Bill Foster D IL 17%
Valerie Foushee D NC 17%
Virginia Foxx R NC 67%
Lois Frankel D FL 0%
Scott Franklin R FL 50%
Laura Friedman D CA 17%
Maxwell Alejandro Frost D FL 17%
Russell Fry R SC 83%
Russ Fulcher R ID 100%
John Garamendi D CA 20%
Andrew R. Garbarino R NY 50%
Jesus Garcia D IL 17%
Robert Garcia D CA 0%
Sylvia Garcia D TX 17%
Brandon Gill R TX 83%
Laura Gillen D NY 17%
Carlos Gimenez R FL 50%
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D WA 17%
Jared Golden D ME 33%
Craig A. Goldman R TX 67%
Dan Goldman D NY 0%
Jimmy Gomez D CA 0%
Tony Gonzales R TX 67%
Vicente Gonzalez D TX 33%
Lance Gooden R TX 67%
Maggie Goodlander D NH 17%
Paul A. Gosar R AZ 83%
Josh Gottheimer D NJ 17%
Sam Graves R MO 67%
Adam Gray D CA 17%
Al Green D TX 17%
Mark Green R TN N/A
Marjorie Taylor Greene R GA 100%
H. Morgan Griffith R VA 67%
Adelita S. Grijalva D AZ N/A
Raul M. Grijalva D AZ N/A
Glenn Grothman R WI 83%
Michael Guest R MS 83%
Brett Guthrie R KY 50%
Harriet M. Hageman R WY 83%
Abraham J. Hamadeh R AZ 67%
Josh Harder D CA 0%
Mike Haridopolos R FL 50%
Pat Harrigan R NC 83%
Andy Harris R MD 100%
Mark Harris R NC 83%
Diana Harshbarger R TN 83%
Jahana Hayes D CT 17%
Kevin Hern R OK 83%
Clay Higgins R LA 83%
French Hill R AR 50%
James A. Himes D CT 0%
Ashley E. Hinson R IA 50%
Steven A. Horsford D NV 17%
Erin Houchin R IN 80%
Chrissy Houlahan D PA 0%
Steny H. Hoyer D MD 17%
Val T. Hoyle D OR 17%
Richard Hudson R NC 67%
Jared Huffman D CA 20%
Bill Huizenga R MI 50%
Wesley Hunt R TX 80%
Jeff Hurd R CO 50%
Darrell E. Issa R CA 50%
Glenn Ivey D MD 20%
Brian Jack R GA 67%
Jonathan L. Jackson D IL 0%
Ronny Jackson R TX 67%
Sara J. Jacobs D CA 17%
John James R MI 50%
Pramila Jayapal D WA 17%
Hakeem S. Jeffries D NY 0%
Dusty Johnson R SD 50%
Henry C. Johnson D GA 17%
Julie Johnson D TX 0%
Mike Johnson R LA 75%
Jim Jordan R OH 83%
David Joyce R OH 50%
John Joyce R PA 83%
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D CA 0%
Marcy Kaptur D OH 17%
Thomas Kean R NJ 50%
William R. Keating D MA 20%
Mike Kelly R PA 50%
Robin Kelly D IL 0%
Trent Kelly R MS 60%
Mike Kennedy R UT 67%
Timothy M. Kennedy D NY 0%
Ro Khanna D CA 0%
Jennifer Kiggans R VA 50%
Kevin Kiley R CA 50%
Young Kim R CA 50%
Brad Knott R NC 67%
Raja Krishnamoorthi D IL 0%
David Kustoff R TN 50%
Darin LaHood R IL 67%
Nick LaLota R NY 50%
Doug LaMalfa R CA 67%
Greg Landsman D OH 17%
Nicholas A. Langworthy R NY 67%
Rick Larsen D WA 0%
John B. Larson D CT 17%
George Latimer D NY 0%
Robert E. Latta R OH 67%
Michael Lawler R NY 50%
Laurel M. Lee R FL 50%
Summer L. Lee D PA 17%
Suzanne Kelley Lee D NV 0%
Julia Janelle Letlow R LA 50%
Mike Levin D CA 0%
Sam T. Liccardo D CA 0%
Ted Lieu D CA 0%
Zoe Lofgren D CA 0%
Barry Loudermilk R GA 67%
Frank D. Lucas R OK 50%
Anna Paulina Luna R FL 83%
Morgan Luttrell R TX 50%
Stephen F. Lynch D MA 17%
Nancy Mace R SC 80%
Ryan Mackenzie R PA 50%
Seth Magaziner D RI 0%
Nicole Malliotakis R NY 50%
Celeste Maloy R UT 50%
Tracey Mann R KS 83%
John W. Mannion D NY 0%
Thomas Massie R KY 100%
Brian J. Mast R FL 50%
Doris O. Matsui D CA 0%
Lucy McBath D GA 0%
Sarah McBride D DE 17%
Michael T. McCaul R TX 50%
Lisa McClain R MI 60%
April McClain-Delaney D MD 0%
Jennifer McClellan D VA 17%
Tom McClintock R CA 83%
Betty McCollum D MN 17%
Rich McCormick R GA 67%
Addison P. McDowell R NC 50%
Morgan McGarvey D KY 0%
James P. McGovern D MA 17%
John J. McGuire R VA 67%
LaMonica McIver D NJ 17%
Gregory W. Meeks D NY 0%
Christian Menefee D TX N/A
Rob Menendez D NJ 0%
Grace Meng D NY 0%
Mark B. Messmer R IN 67%
Dan Meuser R PA 50%
Kweisi Mfume D MD 17%
Carol D. Miller R WV 67%
Mary Miller R IL 83%
Max L. Miller R OH 50%
Mariannette J. Miller-Meeks R IA 50%
Cory Mills R FL 83%
Dave Min D CA 0%
John R. Moolenaar R MI 50%
Blake David Moore R UT 50%
Felix Barry Moore R AL 83%
Gwen Moore D WI 17%
Riley Moore R WV 67%
Tim Moore R NC 67%
Nathaniel Moran R TX 67%
Joseph D. Morelle D NY 17%
Kelly Morrison D MN 17%
Jared Moskowitz D FL 17%
Seth Moulton D MA 0%
Frank J. Mrvan D IN 33%
Kevin Mullin D CA 17%
Gregory Francis Murphy R NC 67%
Jerry Nadler D NY 20%
Richard E. Neal D MA 17%
Joseph Neguse D CO 17%
Troy Nehls R TX 83%
Dan Newhouse R WA 40%
Donald Norcross D NJ 17%
Ralph W. Norman R SC 80%
Zach Nunn R IA 50%
Jay P. Obernolte R CA 40%
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D NY 17%
Andrew Ogles R TN 83%
Johnny Olszewski D MD 0%
Ilhan Omar D MN 17%
Bob Onder R MO 83%
Burgess Owens R UT 67%
Frank Pallone D NJ 20%
Gary J. Palmer R AL 83%
Jimmy Panetta D CA 17%
Christopher C. Pappas D NH 17%
Jimmy Patronis R FL 67%
Nancy Pelosi D CA 0%
Scott Perry R PA 100%
Scott H. Peters D CA 0%
Brittany Pettersen D CO 0%
August Lee Pfluger R TX 67%
Chellie Pingree D ME 17%
Mark Pocan D WI 17%
Nellie Pou D NJ 0%
Ayanna S. Pressley D MA 17%
Mike Quigley D IL 0%
Delia Ramirez D IL 20%
Emily Randall D WA 17%
Jamie Raskin D MD 17%
Guy Reschenthaler R PA 67%
Josh Riley D NY 17%
Luz Maria Rivas D CA 17%
Kristen McDonald Rivet D MI 0%
Harold Rogers R KY 50%
Mike D. Rogers R AL 50%
John W. Rose R TN 67%
Deborah Ross D NC 17%
David Rouzer R NC 83%
Chip Roy R TX 100%
Raul Ruiz D CA 0%
Michael A. Rulli R OH 40%
John H. Rutherford R FL 40%
Pat Ryan D NY 17%
Maria Elvira Salazar R FL 60%
Andrea Salinas D OR 17%
Linda T. Sanchez D CA 17%
Steve Scalise R LA 67%
Mary Scanlon D PA 20%
Janice D. Schakowsky D IL 17%
Derek Schmidt R KS 83%
Bradley S. Schneider D IL 0%
Hillary J. Scholten D MI 17%
Kim Schrier D WA 17%
David Schweikert R AZ 67%
Austin Scott R GA 83%
David Scott D GA 17%
Robert C. Scott D VA 17%
Keith Self R TX 83%
Pete Sessions R TX 67%
Terri A. Sewell D AL 0%
Brad Sherman D CA 17%
Rebecca Michelle Sherrill D NJ 0%
Jefferson Shreve R IN 67%
Lateefah Simon D CA 17%
Michael K. Simpson R ID 50%
Adam Smith D WA 17%
Adrian Smith R NE 50%
Christopher H. Smith R NJ 67%
Jason T. Smith R MO 67%
Lloyd Smucker R PA 50%
Eric Sorensen D IL 17%
Darren Soto D FL 17%
Victoria K. Spartz R IN 67%
Melanie Ann Stansbury D NM 17%
Greg Stanton D AZ 17%
Pete Stauber R MN 67%
Elise Stefanik R NY 50%
Bryan Steil R WI 50%
Greg Steube R FL 83%
Haley Stevens D MI 17%
Marilyn Strickland D WA 0%
Dale W. Strong R AL 50%
Marlin A. Stutzman R IN 83%
Suhas Subramanyam D VA 0%
Thomas R. Suozzi D NY 20%
Eric Swalwell D CA 0%
Emilia Strong Sykes D OH 0%
Mark Takano D CA 17%
David Taylor R OH 67%
Claudia Tenney R NY 67%
Shri Thanedar D MI 17%
Bennie G. Thompson D MS 17%
Glenn Thompson R PA 50%
Mike Thompson D CA 0%
Tom Tiffany R WI 83%
William R. Timmons R SC 83%
Dina Titus D NV 0%
Rashida Tlaib D MI 20%
Jill N. Tokuda D HI 17%
Paul D. Tonko D NY 17%
Norma J. Torres D CA 17%
Ritchie John Torres D NY 0%
Lori Trahan D MA 0%
Derek Tran D CA 17%
Michael R. Turner R OH 50%
Sylvester Turner D TX N/A
Lauren A. Underwood D IL 17%
David G. Valadao R CA 50%
Jeff Van Drew R NJ 67%
Elizabeth Ann Van Duyne R TX 67%
Matt Van Epps R TN N/A
Derrick Van Orden R WI 67%
Juan Vargas D CA 17%
Gabe Vasquez D NM 17%
Marc A. Veasey D TX 0%
Nydia M. Velazquez D NY 17%
Eugene Simon Vindman D VA 17%
Ann Wagner R MO 50%
Tim Walberg R MI 67%
James R. Walkinshaw D VA N/A
Mike Waltz R FL N/A
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D FL 0%
Maxine Waters D CA 17%
Bonnie Watson Coleman D NJ 17%
Randy K. Weber R TX 67%
Daniel Webster R FL 67%
Bruce Westerman R AR 50%
George Whitesides D CA 17%
Tony Wied R WI 83%
Nikema Williams D GA 17%
Roger Williams R TX 67%
Frederica S. Wilson D FL 17%
Joe Wilson R SC 67%
Robert J. Wittman R VA 50%
Steve Womack R AR 40%
Rudolph Yakym R IN 50%
Ryan Zinke R MT 50%

Average Freedom Score by Party

Party Score
Democrat 12%
Republican 65.4%
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