Congressional Votes

Overturns an EPA rule that imposed annual fees on oil and gas facilities that emit methane above certain thresholds.

Overturns an EPA rule that imposed annual fees on oil and gas facilities that emit methane above certain thresholds.

Reduces the deficit by approximately $1.4 trillion through fiscal 2034.

Increases federal funding for local law enforcement by funding the COPS Hiring Program.

Protects access to "reproductive healthcare," including "fertility treatment services" such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Would prohibit the president from declaring a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing (fracking) unless authorized by an act of Congress.

Reauthorizes a federal conservation program (the Nutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003) through fiscal 2030.

The U.S. Constitution does not grant a right to abortion. Abortion is not healthcare, it is the ending of innocent human life, and the Declaration of Independence affirms the right to life as a fundamental, God-given, and inherent right.

The U.S. Constitution does not grant a right to abortion. Abortion is not healthcare, it is the ending of innocent human life, and the Declaration of Independence affirms the right to life as a fundamental, God-given, and inherent right.

The federal government should not use taxpayer money to facilitate biological males competing against real women and girls.

Extends federal funding through March 14, 2025.

Extends federal funding through March 14, 2025.

Representative Bruce Westerman (R-Ark.) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass S. 3791, the "America's Conservation Enhancement Reauthorization Act of 2024," which would reauthorize multiple conservation and wildlife programs through fiscal 2030.

Disapproves of President Biden's plan to cancel $4.65 billion in Ukrainian debt.

Would, in the words of the bill, "protect and expand nationwide access to fertility treatment, including in vitro fertilization."

Overturns Education Department rules that promoted far-left social policies at colleges and universities.

Prohibits funding in the bill from being used for USAID.

Prohibits funding in the bill from going to the UN or its affiliate agencies.

During consideration of the fiscal 2025 homeland-security appropriations bill (H.R. 8752), Representative Glenn Grothman (R-Wis.) offered an amendment to prohibit funds in the bill from being used for the "Processes for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans" (CHNV) parole program that incentivizes illegal mass migration from those four countries.

Prohibits funds in the bill from going to Ukraine.

Representative Beth Van Duyne (R-Texas) offered an amendment to prohibit the secretary of defense from paying for or reimbursing expenses relating to abortion services.

Eliminates DEI offices and personnel from the Department of Defense.

Representative Chip Roy (R-Texas) offered an amendment to prohibit funds authorized by this bill from being used to implement President Joe Biden's climate-change executive orders, which focused on tackling "climate change," promoting "clean energy," "conserving" natural resources, "improving" refugee programs, boosting domestic semiconductor production, and ensuring "environmental justice" for "underserved communities."

Prohibits the Federal Reserve from issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) without congressional authorization.

Senate Joint Resolution 58 would reverse a December 2023 Department of Energy rule setting stricter energy-efficiency standards for non-weatherized and mobile-home gas furnaces at 95-percent annual fuel utilization efficiency.

President Joe Biden nominated Courtney Diesel O'Donnell to serve as the U.S. permanent representative to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), with the rank of ambassador.

Representative Wesley Hunt (R-Texas) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass S. 546, the "Recruit and Retain Act," which expands the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) federal grant program intended to support the recruitment efforts of law-enforcement agencies, including local police, throughout the country.

Expands the Department of Energy's carbon-storage program to include carbon-sequestration projects.

Provides a total of $95.3 billion in "emergency" aid for Ukraine, Israel, and Taiwan.

Provides $60.8 billion for security assistance to Ukraine and replenishing stockpiles of military equipment already provided to Ukraine.

Would reauthorize for two years, until 2026, Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which governs electronic surveillance of foreign terrorism suspects.

Prohibits federal officials from requesting orders under FISA to surveil U.S. persons, among other provisions.

Prohibits the use of fiscal 2024 funding to implement or enforce EPA rules on tailpipe emissions for vehicles.

Would reauthorize for two years, until 2026, Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which governs electronic surveillance of foreign terrorism suspects.

Would reverse a December 2023 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) rule that requires state transportation agencies to set targets for reducing transportation-related greenhouse-gas emissions and report to the FHWA on their progress.

Prohibits funds from being used by the federal government to label speech as "disinformation or misinformation" or to coerce online platforms to censor such speech.

Appropriates $1.2 trillion in total funding for fiscal 2024.

Reduces spending by 5 percent, excluding military and border funding.

Prohibits funding in the bill from being used to fly illegal migrants into the United States.

We oppose this bill because of the many unconstitutional agencies and programs that it would fund, because it funds our further entanglement in the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas conflicts without a congressional declaration of war, and because this reckless spending is yielding record increases in the national debt.

Migrants who do not satisfy the conditions for asylum are often, upon their entry into the United States and release from custody, granted parole for up to two years under Title 8 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, making them eligible for work permits. Given that aliens are presumed to be ineligible for asylum if they enter the United States unlawfully after failing to seek refuge in a third country (e.g., Mexico), the CBP One app has effectively become a fraudulent gateway for millions of illegal migrants. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution stipulates that Congress shall have the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization," and Article II, Section 3 requires the president to "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed."

The purpose of the U.S. Census is to determine the allotment of congressional seats and Electoral College votes for each state. Illegal aliens, who are not U.S. citizens, should not be counted toward determining those numbers. Furthermore, changing the demographics of a congressional district or state also changes the voting patterns of those areas.

Appropriates $467.5 billion in federal funding for fiscal 2024.

Appropriates $467.5 billion in federal funding for fiscal 2024.

Prohibits the Federal Reserve from purchasing or selling the debt of any state or municipality.

Secretary Mayorkas deserves impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold office in the future. He has failed to uphold his duty to support and defend the U.S. Constitution by repeatedly violating laws enacted by Congress regarding immigration and border security. His unlawful conduct has allowed illicit drugs and millions of illegal aliens to enter and remain in the United States annually by means of insecure borders. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization," as well as to call forth "the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions," and Article II, Section 4 provides that "all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of … high Crimes and Misdemeanors."

Under the U.S. Constitution, the power to declare war belongs to Congress, and the United States should follow a policy of noninterventionism, minding its own business in foreign affairs.

Formally disapproves of an unconstitutional Department of Education rule to repay and forgive student loans.

Reduces funding in the bill for most federal agencies by 15 percent, and rescinds $30 billion in IRS enforcement funds.

Defunds the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Strikes all funding for firearms and ammunition for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

Defunds the federal "kill-switch" surveillance mandate for all new passenger vehicles.

Although the Founding Fathers did not envision the federal government indefinitely "owning" 30 percent of the land area of the states as it now does, they did grant Congress, not the president, the "Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States" (Article IV, Section 3 of the Constitution). As to whether the federal government has the right to ownership and control of a large percentage of the land area of the states for an indefinite period of time, here's Founding Father Thomas Jefferson's answer in his Kentucky Resolutions of 1798: "The several states composing the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their General Government; but that by compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States and of amendments thereto, they constituted a General Government for special purposes, delegated to that Government certain definite powers, reserving each state to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self Government; and that whensoever the General Government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force."

Provides roughly $279 billion in spending for three of the 12 fiscal 2024 appropriations bills.

Requires a full audit of the Federal Reserve System.

The deployment of U.S. forces to Niger was not specifically authorized by Congress, and under the Constitution only Congress has the power to declare war.

The federal government has no authority under the Constitution to impose mask mandates.

Appropriates federal government funding at bloated fiscal 2023 levels from October 1, 2023 through November 17, 2023.

Appropriates federal funding at bloated fiscal 2023 levels.

Eliminates all $2,548,250,000 of funding for the State Department's Migration and Refugee Assistance program.

Nowhere in the Constitution is Congress authorized to allocate federal funding to international organizations such as UNESCO. Such organizations threaten U.S. sovereignty and constitutionally protected freedoms, and the United States has no business being involved in them.

The federal government has no authority under the Constitution to regulate agriculture. Furthermore, Hageman's amendment would push back against the United Nations' Agenda 2030, which is inherently contrary to the Constitution. Congress should eliminate all federal involvement in agriculture.

It is unconstitutional to force vaccinations on people.

Reauthorizes the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) through fiscal year 2028, and increases funding to the agency.

Prevents funds from being used to hire DEI officials or conduct DEI training.

Recognizes that the North Atlantic Treaty "does not supersede the constitutional requirement that Congress declare war."

The right to life is the most fundamental, God-given, and unalienable right asserted in the Declaration of Independence and guaranteed by the Fifth and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

Prohibits the use of federal funds to provide security assistance to Ukraine.

Formally disapproves of an unconstitutional ATF rule expanding the definition of a "short-barreled rifle."

The federal government has no authority under the Constitution to implement environmental regulations. Furthermore, the EPA's rule feeds right into the climate-change hoax and, by extension, the UN's Agenda 2030, and would impose onerous regulations on businesses.

Decreases federal spending from $4.8 to $3.9 trillion over four years.

Suspends the debt limit through January 1, 2025 and create caps on "discretionary" spending for fiscal years 2024 and 2025, among many other dubious changes.

Suspends the debt limit through January 1, 2025 and create caps on "discretionary" spending for fiscal years 2024 and 2025, among many other dubious changes.

The claim that the ERA is a "valid … part of the Constitution" is a sham. When Congress submitted the ERA to the states for ratification in 1972, it set a seven-year ratification period that ended on March 22, 1979. During that period, 35 states ratified the ERA, but four of those states reconsidered and rescinded their ratifications. This left the ERA seven states short of the three-fourths majority (38 states) needed to become part of the Constitution. Prior to the deadline, when it became apparent the 38-state threshold would not be reached, Congress extended the deadline to June 30, 1982. This legally dubious extension caused a fifth state to rescind, and during the extension period no new states ratified. In recent years, three new states have ratified the ERA. But to claim that this makes the ERA part of the Constitution is to ignore the long-expired deadlines, as well as the five states that rescinded.

Unconstitutionally authorizes $95 million annually through fiscal 2030 for the USFA, increasing funding levels by 24 percent.

Overturns the Department of Veterans Affairs rule allowing medical coverage for abortion counseling and procedures.

Section 115 of the Clean Air Act has for decades served to disguise the federal government's unconstitutional seizure of control over the domestic energy sector - a plan designed to not only erode state sovereignty, but implement United Nations-led global "climate change" policy. The 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution clearly reserves any such regulatory powers to the "States respectively, or to the people," as opposed to unelected, unaccountable foreign bureaucrats.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the latest Biden administration rule were allowed to stand, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any body of water, no matter how small.

It is unconstitutional to suspend the Constitution by declaring national public-health emergencies.

In recent decades both the Executive Branch and Congress have regularly skirted the constitutional requirement in Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution that treaties have to be made with the "Advice and Consent of the Senate … provided two thirds of the Senators present concur." Instead of recognizing agreements as treaties, they unconstitutionally designate them as "executive agreements," thereby enabling the president and Congress to avoid seeking the advice and consent of the Senate and pass them by a simple majority of the House and Senate, rather than the more rigorous threshold of two-thirds of the senators present.

Expresses the sense of Congress that the Department of Education should be terminated.

Formally recognizes ASEAN as an international organization, with the same diplomatic privileges enjoyed by other foreign embassies.

Repeals the unconstitutional 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the latest Biden administration rule were allowed to stand, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any body of water, no matter how small.

Directs the president to remove U.S. armed forces from Syria within 180 days of the adoption of the resolution.

Overturns the Labor Department's rule allowing retirement-plan fiduciaries to use ESG.

Overturns the Labor Department's rule allowing retirement-plan fiduciaries to use ESG.

The right to vote and choose representatives in America is retained solely by citizens of the United States, who, owing true faith and allegiance to the Constitution, are not subject to any foreign power. According to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 17 of the Constitution, Congress is granted the authority to "exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever" involving Washington, D.C.

It is unconstitutional to suspend the Constitution by declaring national public-health emergencies.

Eliminates the Health and Human Services (HHS) Covid-19 vaccine mandate on healthcare providers furnishing items and services in Medicare- and Medicaid-certified facilities.

Spends $1.7 trillion on multiple unconstitutional programs and agencies.

Spends $1.7 trillion on multiple unconstitutional programs and agencies.

Repeals the Defense of Marriage Act and codifies the "right" to marry regardless of sexual orientation.

Repeals the Defense of Marriage Act and codifies the "right" to marry regardless of sexual orientation.

It is unconstitutional to suspend the U.S. Constitution by declaring national public health emergencies.

Spends a total of $300 million over five years on unconstitutional grants to local police, threatening their independence.

This bill undermines election integrity, infringes upon state sovereignty, and makes changes that are inconsistent with Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution.

Ratifies the Kigali Amendment to the 1987 Montreal Protocol, requiring the U.S. to increase regulations.

Spends at least $512 billion on multiple unconstitutional and left-wing programs and initiatives.

Congress should ensure that executive branch officials do not abridge parents' freedom of speech or their right to peaceably assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances, which is protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Spends at least $512 billion on multiple unconstitutional and left-wing programs and initiatives.

Under the U.S. Constitution, only the Congress may declare war.

NATO is based on the principle of collective security, as opposed to each country acting in its own best interests. Under Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, "The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them … shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them … will assist the Party or Parties so attacked." The expansion of this entangling military alliance, which was comprised of just 12 members at the time of its founding, increases the likelihood of the United States being drawn into a military conflict.

Would offset the cost of S. 3373 by prohibiting USAID from distributing foreign-aid funds, other than to Israel, for 10 years.

This bill is a gross violation of the U.S. Constitution, especially the Second Amendment, which recognizes that "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." This is one step closer to a disarmed America - with the assistance of taxpayer dollars.

Spends $54.2 billion on multiple unconstitutional research, development, and manufacturing programs, and authorizes an additional $168.7 billion in spending.

Spends $54.2 billion on multiple unconstitutional research, development, and manufacturing programs, and authorizes an additional $168.7 billion in spending.

Expresses support for Sweden and Finland joining NATO and calls on NATO member states to formally support the countries' accession.

The right to life is the most fundamental, God-given, and unalienable right asserted in the Declaration of Independence and guaranteed by the Fifth and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

According to the U.S. Constitution, only Congress has the authority to declare war. It is long past time to bring the troops home from Syria, especially considering that Congress never issued a declaration of war in relation to the country.

Implements new federal gun controls and mental-health programs.

Implements new federal gun controls and mental-health programs.

Unconstitutionally spends $40.1 billion in aid to Ukraine.

Unconstitutionally spends $48 billion in grants to small businesses harmed by government Covid restrictions.

Roe v. Wade was deemed unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court on June 24, 2022, giving states the power to determine how they handle abortions. There is no constitutional provision granting a right to abortion. Many of our healthcare providers are subsidized by taxpayers, and government should not subsidize the killing of innocent human life.

Unconstitutionally spends $40.1 billion in aid to Ukraine.

Unconstitutionally spends $55 billion in grants to small businesses harmed by government Covid restrictions.

Jackson is supportive of unconstitutional actions and clearly supports the woke agenda.

Honoring the subpoenas would undermine the constitutional separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches of government. President Trump had invoked executive privilege, and as Navarro pointed out, "it is not my privilege to waive" it. The January 6 committee is not a court of law; it is a kangaroo court. In fact, it was rigged from the beginning, when Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) took the unprecedented action of nixing two of Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy's (R-Calif.) choices for the committee - Representatives Jim Banks (R-Ind.) and Jim Jordan (R-Ohio). Pelosi instead put on the so-called bipartisan committee RINOs (Republicans In Name Only) Liz Cheney (Wy.) and Adam Kinzinger (Ill.).

The United States should stay clear of entangling alliances such as NATO, but also because NATO obligates the United States to go to war if any member of NATO is attacked. Specifically, under the North Atlantic Treaty that established NATO in 1949, member nations "agree that an armed attack against one or more of them … shall be considered an attack against them all." This agreement undermines the provision in the U.S. Constitution that assigns to Congress the power to declare war. There are now 30 countries in NATO, and an attack on any one of them could pull the United States into a war that neither Congress nor the American people want.

The CDC rule requiring persons to wear masks while on planes, trains, and buses is unconstitutional based on the 10th Amendment.

Would "prohibit funding for COVID-19 vaccine mandates."

Spends $1.5 trillion on multiple unconstitutional programs and agencies.

Spends $927.4 billion on multiple unconstitutional programs and agencies.

Spends about $600 billion on multiple unconstitutional programs and agencies.

Unconstitutionally authorizes $350 billion over five years for federal funding of research and development programs, along with leftist-agenda items.

The UNFCCC infringes on U.S. sovereignty and places an undue burden on American industry, workers, and taxpayers. Meeting the emission goals of the UNFCCC would significantly reduce U.S. economic output. Furthermore, the treaty requires the United States and other industrialized nations to provide economic assistance to fund climate-change action in "developing nations," such as China.

Not only does this bill undermine election integrity, but it infringes upon federalism and state sovereignty as established under the Constitution and its 10th Amendment.

Not only does this bill undermine election integrity, but it infringes upon federalism and state sovereignty as established under the Constitution and its 10th Amendment.

Allowed the the Senate to pass a $2.5 trillion debt-limit increase, bypassing the filibuster and other normal obstacles to passage.

The Constitution does not grant the power to any branch of the federal government to force citizens to submit to vaccinations.

Spends $1.75 trillion on a wide range of left-wing, Great-Reset programs.

Spends $1.2 trillion on wasteful projects and socialized programs.

Among other radical changes, gives the U.S. Department of Justice the power to unilaterally approve or reject any state election-law changes.

Implements a sweeping federalization of American elections. Mandates nationwide Internet, automatic, and same-day voter registration, and mail-in voting.

Abortion has nothing to do with the protection of women's health, despite the name of the bill; and there is no right to an abortion in the Constitution, the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision notwithstanding.

Not only does this bill undermine election integrity, but it infringes upon state sovereignty as established under the 10th Amendment, subjugating it to the whims of federal bureaucrats.

Nowhere in the Constitution is Congress authorized to allocate federal funding for education or to promote any particular curriculum in schools. Furthermore, critical Race Theory (CRT) is a radical and divisive theory that forces students to see and acknowledge others primarily by their skin color and racial ancestry, rather than by individual merits. CRT is part of the broader Marxist-inspired "Black Lives Matter" agenda and has its roots in Marxist "Critical Theory" originating from the Frankfurt School and Fabian Socialists. The federal government has no business promoting this extremist, anti-American agenda in our children's schools.

Unconstitutionally funds the hiring of 100,000 new local police officers nationwide with federal money.

Sets budgetary levels to guide Congress in crafting, and is a necessary first step for the then-$3.5 trillion Build Back Better Act.

The federal government should not interfere with energy exploration. Regulation of various industries, such as energy, is not one of the federal government's enumerated powers under the Constitution. Allowing the United States to fully utilize its energy resources would make the country more self-sufficient and potentially create millions of jobs.

There is no constitutional provision granting a right to abortion, Roe v. Wade notwithstanding; and pro-life taxpayers should not be forced to fund a lethal practice that violates their deeply held religious convictions.

Would reduce federal spending by over $500 billion and eliminate the deficit by fiscal 2026.

Spends $1.2 trillion on wasteful projects and socialized programs.

Spends $62.2 billion on the State Department and other foreign-affairs matters. Loaded with foreign aid and climate-change provisions.

Former White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows' lawsuit, which describes the committee's actions as "unconstitutional," rightfully points out, "To the extent Congress seeks to utilize subpoenas to investigate and punish perceived criminal wrongdoing, it unconstitutionally intrudes on the prerogatives of the Executive Branch." Furthermore, the January 6 Committee is part of a growing trend toward tyranny and political persecution.

Establishes a counterterrorism program in North and West Africa, dragging the U.S. into an unconstitutional, entangling alliance.

Authorizes $77.9 billion for federal funding of science and engineering research and development. Promotes a radical climate-change agenda.

Requires the president to take actions promoting U.S. integration in globalist, UN-tied health programs.

Would implement a sweeping federalization of American elections with provisions that would severely damage election integrity, including nationwide Internet, automatic, and same-day voter registration, mail-in voting, and early voting.

Repeals the 2002 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, which unconstitutionally abdicated Congress's war powers.

The United States already observes 10 other federal holidays. Furthermore, seeing as slavery ended on December 6, not June 19, the inclusion of the words "National Independence Day" to Juneteenth creates the appearance of supplanting July 4 as America's Independence Day. This perpetuates a false and dangerous notion that the United States has different days of independence depending on one's race or ancestry, and is consistent with the communist tactic of "dividing the people" along racial lines.

Unconstitutionally authorizes $250 billion over five years for federal funding of research and development programs.

Would have banned taxpayer funds in S. 1260 from going to research that destroys or creates human embryos.

Would have limited the federal government's unconstitutional authority to reserve water rights when designating a national monument.

Would admit most of the District of Columbia as the 51st state and give it full representation in Congress, with two U.S. senators and one U.S. representative.

Extends the Treasury Department's Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) from March 31 to June 30, 2021 despite no constitutional authorization.

Gives amnesty to over 1.5 million illegal aliens in the agriculture industry and changes the H-2A visa program to make it more attractive to migrants and increase chain migration.

Would criminalize most private firearms transactions unless they include an FBI background check, representing a major infringement on our God-given right to keep and bear arms.

Spends $1.9 trillion on unconstitutional programs in the name of coronavirus relief.

Ends state right-to-work laws, empowers the feds to force employees to unionize against their will, encourages illegal aliens to join unions, and aligns U.S. labor laws with the USMCA's requirements.

Spends $1.9 trillion on unconstitutional programs in the name of coronavirus relief.

Would establish national standards for police departments, another step toward a federal takeover of local police, and aims to defund police departments in favor of leftist "community organizations."

Would implement a sweeping federalization of American elections with provisions that would severely damage election integrity, including nationwide Internet, automatic, and same-day voter registration, mail-in voting, and early voting.

Expands definition of protected classes in federal law to include "gender identity." Males who identify as females would be able to use public restrooms of the opposite sex - and vice versa. Lacks any religious exemptions.

The Senate may not constitutionally convict a private citizen, and Trump did not commit any crime.

Would allow for legislation enforcing the Trump administration's "Remain in Mexico" policy that requires illegal migrants attempting to gain asylum in the U.S. to wait in Mexico.

Would reduce federal spending by $67.4 billion in fiscal 2022 alone, and by a total of $7.2 trillion over 10 years.

Paul's point is constitutionally unassailable. The Constitution states, "The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." Yet as of January 20, when Joe Biden was sworn in as president, Trump was a private citizen to whom the impeachment power does not apply.

Trump had not committed any crime - much less "high Crimes and Misdemeanors" (the constitutional standard for impeachment).

We oppose. The act includes spending not only for legitimate national defense, but also for military interventionism in foreign lands that does not make America safer. Also, the legislation undercuts the president's legitimate authority as commander-in-chief by restricting his ability to withdraw troops from Afghanistan, Germany, and South Korea.

We oppose. The act includes spending not only for legitimate national defense, but also for military interventionism in foreign lands that does not make America safer. Also, the legislation undercuts the president's legitimate authority as commander-in-chief by restricting his ability to withdraw troops from Afghanistan, Germany, and South Korea.

We oppose. Congress is failing to address its profligate spending that yielded an annual federal deficit of $3.1 trillion in fiscal 2020. Moreover, Congress is minimizing its accountability to voters by combining all "discretionary" federal spending and coronavirus aid into one gigantic bill and only holding two votes on that bill in the House.

We oppose. Congress is failing to address its fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that yielded an annual federal deficit of $3.1 trillion in fiscal 2020. Congress is minimizing its accountability to voters by combining all "discretionary" federal spending and coronavirus aid into one gigantic bill and only holding two votes on that bill in the House. Moreover, most of the coronavirus aid provisions, including direct checks, federal unemployment benefits, and subsidization of the economy, exceed the federal government's authority.

Spends $1.4 trillion in discretionary appropriations and another $900 billion in Covid aid.

We oppose. The Affordable Care Act is an unconstitutional monstrosity of government intervention into the healthcare sector and is anything but affordable. ObamaCare reduced individual choice in the health-insurance market, increased costs for many Americans, and has been a poorly run boondoggle from the beginning, exactly what is to be expected when the federal government attempts to regulate and subsidize healthcare, something it has no constitutional authority to do.

We oppose. Congress needs to cut spending to avoid fiscal disaster. Additionally, Congress' inability to promptly pass a 2021 budget, instead using a continuing appropriations bill, illustrates the breakdown of the federal budgeting process.

We support killing the amendment. The U.S. government should not be attempting to regulate healthcare or health insurance in any way, shape, or form. The Constitution clearly does not allow the federal government to involve itself in healthcare. Decisions about health insurance coverage should be left up to insurance companies. Federal regulations and/or subsidies in the healthcare sector tend to distort the market and have in large part caused the current out-of-control insurance prices we see today.

We oppose. The bill advances a radical environmentalist agenda and increases federal government meddling in the energy market. Under the Constitution's Interstate Commerce Clause, the federal government is empowered "to regulate Commerce … among the several States" only to prevent the restriction of the free flow of goods among the states. Moreover, H.R. 4447 infringes on U.S. sovereignty and will cause energy costs to skyrocket.

We oppose. Nowhere in the Constitution is the federal government authorized to regulate private employers, and federal requirements for covered benefits usually mean decreased pay. This is a matter reserved for the states and the people under the 10th Amendment.

We oppose. This bill irresponsibly increases the federal deficit and diverts energy royalties from being spent for needed constitutional purposes. Additionally, the Constitution does not authorize Congress to purchase private property except "for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings." Moreover, the federal government already owns a huge percentage of land directly -about 28 percent of the nation - and is a demonstrably poor steward of public lands.

We oppose. The statues that fill the National Statuary Hall are sent by the states at their discretion, and Congress should not be assuming the authority to tell the states which statues they are and are not allowed to place in the hall. This is plainly an attempt to erase American history.

We oppose. National defense is an essential function of the federal government. This is not to say that the budget is not "bloated" (the Pentagon budget does contain waste, and not all military spending is defense spending), but unnecessary military spending should be cut, not transferred to social-welfare programs falling outside the Constitution's specified powers.

We oppose. Nowhere in the Constitution is the federal government authorized to subsidize private businesses. If such subsidies are allowed, then any business could potentially be subsidized at the expense of any other, with the government essentially picking winners and losers in the marketplace, causing great economic distortion.

We oppose. The federal government should not be funding highways, addressing transportation-related "climate-change" issues, promoting motor-vehicle safety, or imposing a tax on driving in order to pay for highway construction and maintenance. Such projects should be left in the hands of state or municipal governments, where the Constitution intends such issues to be handled.

We oppose the Senate's decision to table Senator Paul's amendment. It is long past time to bring the troops home. The AUMF that the amendment would repeal has been used broadly by presidents to send troops into foreign conflicts, despite the fact that under the Constitution only Congress may declare war.

We oppose. The push for D.C. statehood is merely a politically motivated effort to gain two Democratic Party senators and thus more easily advance a left-wing agenda. Moreover, granting statehood to the District of Columbia violates Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution. H.R. 51 purports to circumvent this constitutional prohibition by reducing D.C. to basically the Capitol and surrounding governmental buildings.

We oppose. Law enforcement is a local or state matter, and that is where decisions such as requiring police officers to wear body cameras should be made. By contrast, H.R. 7120 would move the country further in the direction of a federalized police force beholden to Washington.

Permanently funds the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) at $900 million annually. Creates the National Parks and Public Land Legacy Restoration Fund (NPPLLRF), funded at $1.9 billion annually for five years.

We oppose. Profligate spending needs to be immediately brought under control and deficits eliminated to avoid fiscal disaster. Congress is failing to address its fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible spending habits that yielded an annual federal deficit of $3.1 trillion in fiscal 2020.

It is unconstitutional for Congress to bail out the U.S. economy.

Prohibits surveillance of American citizens under FISA authorities.

We oppose. While many of the proposed FISA modifications positive from a freedom and privacy standpoint, Congress should have instead voted to not reauthorize the FISA and let it expire. Despite the program's title, the act permits surveillance of Americans who are not charged with any crime.

We oppose. Nowhere in the Constitution is the federal government authorized to disburse loans to small businesses or cover the salaries of laid-off employees. It is not the responsibility of the federal government to bail out businesses or the unemployed.

We oppose. Nowhere in the Constitution is Congress authorized to bail out businesses, industries, and people.

We oppose. While many of the proposed FISA modifications positive from a freedom and privacy standpoint, Congress should have instead voted to not reauthorize the FISA and let it expire. Despite the program's title, the act permits surveillance of Americans who are not charged with any crime.

We support. According to the U.S. Constitution, only Congress may declare war. It is unfortunate that Congress has to pass a resolution enforcing this, but doing so puts a check on the war powers assumed by recent presidents.

We oppose. The time to ratify the ERA has long ended. Any further attempt to resurrect it to continue the ratification process is unconstitutional and inconsistent with the amendment ratification process as laid out in Article V of the Constitution.

We support. According to the U.S. Constitution, only Congress may declare war. It is unfortunate that Congress has to pass a resolution enforcing this, but doing so puts a check on the war powers assumed by recent presidents.

We oppose. In his actions on Ukraine, Trump did not commit "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors," the constitutional requirement for impeaching and removing a president or other U.S. "civil officer." The House presented no evidence of any "high crimes." Trump was accused of withholding aid from Ukraine, but the aid was provided. Also, there is no crime in making a request to investigate Hunter Biden and Burisma, as was alleged.

We oppose. The "obstruction of Congress" charge does not rise to the level of the "high crimes and misdemeanors" for which a president may be impeached and removed. There is uncontestable truth to the charge: Trump did direct the executive branch to ignore subpoenas issued by highly partisan, pro-impeachment House committees. What is contested is whether a president may constitutionally ignore such subpoenas. But that is an issue for the federal judiciary, not impeachment, to decide.

We oppose. Congress is not authorized by the Constitution to surrender our national sovereignty to any transnational regional government, including the nascent North American Union.

Contains the most dangerous provisions of NAFTA and the TPP. It will lead to a North American regional government similar to the European Union.

We oppose. Most of the spending programs in this appropriations bill are unconstitutional. Also, congressional spending for fiscal 2020 is grossly fiscally irresponsible. In mid-2020, our national debt was about $26 trillion, and the federal budget deficit for 2020 was expected to be an astounding $3.8 trillion.

Provides $860.3 billion in discretionary spending for four of the 12 fiscal 2020 appropriations bills.

We oppose. In his actions on Ukraine, Trump did not commit "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors," the constitutional requirement for impeaching and removing a president or other U.S. "civil officer." The House presented no evidence of any "high crimes." Trump was accused of withholding aid from Ukraine, but the aid was provided. Also, there is no crime in making a request to investigate Hunter Biden and Burisma, as was alleged.

We oppose. The "obstruction of Congress" charge does not rise to the level of the "high crimes and misdemeanors" for which a president may be impeached and removed. There is uncontestable truth to the charge: Trump did direct the executive branch to ignore subpoenas issued by highly partisan, pro-impeachment House committees. What is contested is whether a president may constitutionally ignore such subpoenas. But that is an issue for the federal judiciary, not impeachment, to decide.

We oppose. Most of the spending programs in this appropriations bill are unconstitutional. Also, congressional spending for fiscal 2020 is grossly fiscally irresponsible. In mid-2020, our national debt was about $26 trillion, and the federal budget deficit for 2020 was expected to be an astounding $3.8 trillion.

We oppose. Many programs within this defense-related minibus are unconstitutional. This bill also is fiscally irresponsible, considering the $26 trillion national debt and projected $3.8 trillion budget deficit.

We oppose. The United States should stay out of entangling alliances like NATO. Also, the NATO provision that obligates the United States to go to war if any NATO member is attacked undermines the U.S. Constitution's assignment to Congress the power to declare war.

Cuts the appropriation bill's funding for federal operations and services by 2 percent.

We oppose. Congress is failing to address its fiscally- and constitutionally-irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is yielding annual federal deficits of about $1 trillion. This directly contributes to the national debt's growth.

We oppose. Congress is failing to address its fiscally- and constitutionally-irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is yielding annual federal deficits of about $1 trillion. This directly contributes to the national debt's growth.

We oppose. Spending must be brought under control, and deficits must be eliminated to avoid fiscal disaster - not "down the road," but now. Additionally, much of the bill's spending is unconstitutional.

We oppose. Spending must be brought under control, and deficits must be eliminated to avoid fiscal disaster - not "down the road," but now. Additionally, much of the bill's spending is unconstitutional.

Would prohibit indefinite military detention of any person (including Americans). Indefinite detention without trial violates habeas corpus.

We support Senator Udall's amendment. Hostilities conducted against a sovereign nation - in this case Iran - constitute an act of war and, thus, constitutionally requires a declaration of war by Congress.

We support Senator Rand Paul's amendment and oppose the Senate's vote to kill it. Nowhere in the Constitution is Congress authorized to fund the foreign aid funding that Paul sought to eliminate, and which had nothing to do with border appropriations. These types of programs should be handled privately, not with U.S. taxpayers' money.

We oppose. The federal government has no constitutional authority to rebuild areas stricken by natural disasters. Such activity should be undertaken by private companies and charities first, and, as a last resort, handled by local or state governments. Disasters would arguably be handled more effectively this way compared to the feds.

We oppose. The federal government has no constitutional authority to rebuild areas stricken by natural disasters. Such activity should be undertaken by private companies and charities first, and, as a last resort, handled by local or state governments. Disasters would arguably be handled more effectively this way compared to the feds.

Expands definition of protected classes in federal law to include "gender identity." Males who identify as females would be able to use public restrooms of the opposite sex - and vice versa.

Would prohibit the use of federal funds for withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. Fulfilling the agreement would stifle U.S. economy without impacting on alleged man-made global warming.

We support. Congress is vested with the power to declare war, and it has not authorized any intervention or war in Yemen. Nor should Congress do so since the civil war in Yemen does not threaten the U.S.

We support. Congress has the power to declare war, and it has not authorized any intervention or war in Yemen. Nor should Congress do so since the civil war in Yemen does not threaten the U.S.

Extends federal background checks to private sales, severely and unconstitutionally infringing on the right to keep and bear arms.

We oppose. The Constitution does not authorize Congress to purchase private property except "all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings."

Provides $333 billion in "discretionary" spending for the seven remaining fiscal 2019 appropriations bills. Most of the bill's spending programs are unconstitutional.

We oppose. Most of the bill's spending programs are unconstitutional and unacceptably expand our debt and deficit.

We oppose. The Constitution does not authorize Congress to purchase private property except "all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings."

Prohibits the use of federal funds to cover the cost of most abortions.

To advance Senate Joint Res. 54, which would remove U.S. Armed Forces from "hostilities" in Yemen that have "not been authorized by Congress."

Decisions regarding human interaction with various animal species, if handled by government at all, should be handled at the state and local levels. The U.S. Constitution does not give the federal government the authority to declare animals endangered and thus off-limits to hunt or otherwise manage. The growing gray wolf population has been a menace to farmers and ranchers in many states, and farmers are not allowed to protect their own property owing to federal regulations. Working to overturn such regulations is a good thing.

Would nullify the rule from the Departments of Treasury, Labor, and HHS that would expand the duration of short-term health insurance plans.

Reauthorizes appropriations for the FAA and TSA, as well as $1.7 billion for Hurricane Florence disaster relief.

Would make permanent the tax cuts for individuals in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 that were set to expire at the end of 2025.

Expands Medicare and Medicaid to cover medication-assisted treatment for substance abuse.

Would provide $855.1 billion in discretionary funding for fiscal 2019.

Reauthorizes appropriations for the FAA and TSA, as well as $1.7 billion for Hurricane Florence disaster relief.

Would provide $855.1 billion in discretionary funding for fiscal 2019.

Medicare and Medicaid are both unconstitutional programs. The U.S. Constitution gives no authority to the federal government to pay people's medical expenses, no matter how poor or disabled they are. Such assistance should be handled by states, charity, or the free market. Any expansion of Medicare or Medicaid, which is what this bill authorizes, should be voted against.

To prohibit federal funding of Planned Parenthood.

Much of this spending falls outside the federal government's constitutionally delegated powers. The unconstitutional spending includes federal social-welfare programs such as food and farm subsidies and housing subsidies (under HUD). Also, lumping multiple appropriations bills together, as opposed to voting on them separately, reduces lawmakers' accountability.

The Constitution does not give the federal government authority to get into the insurance business. Having the federal government as an insurer essentially subsidizes risky behavior, such as building in flood-, fire-, and earthquake-prone areas, and forces the taxpayer to pick up the tab. Insurance policies for natural disasters should be offered by private insurers, with the market setting the rates for such coverage.

The federal government needs to start reining in climbing federal spending (and deficits) somewhere in order to avert fiscal disaster.

This particular excise tax was put in place to help pay for an unconstitutional program - the Affordable Care Act, aka ObamaCare. Repealing part of the funding for such an unconstitutional federal healthcare program is a good thing and should be supported.

Declares that a carbon tax would be "detrimental to American families and businesses" and "not in the best interest of the United States."

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to regulate the environment in general, let alone regulate methane emissions that accompany oil and natural gas production, processing, and distribution.

To reaffirm the U.S. commitment to NATO.

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to subsidize food or agriculture. Moreover, food subsidies have done little to lift people out of poverty, and farm subsidies have caused market distortions as the government essentially picks winners and losers in the food production industry.

To repeal the Environmental Protection Agency's 2015 "Waters of the United States" rule.

This spending falls outside the scope of constitutionally authorized federal powers, and the federal government needs to start reining in ballooning federal spending (and debt) somewhere in order to avert fiscal disaster. The cuts in this bill comprise only a fraction of one percent of total federal spending, and according to the Congressional Budget Office, most of the unspent funding targeted by the bill would not be spent anyway. Yet modest cuts are better than none at all.

To uphold the right to due process for U.S. citizens and permanent residents on American soil.

Would cut nearly $15 billion from previously approved, unspent, and wasteful spending.

Authorizes $50 million a year from 2019-2021 for the Project Safe Neighborhoods Block Grant Program.

Would allow patients with life-threatening conditions to seek access to experimental drugs directly from a manufacturer without FDA approval.

The U.S. Constitution does not give the federal government any authority over what foods a person chooses to consume. In other words, it is illegal for the federal government to make raw milk illegal. While the federal government does have authority to "regulate Commerce … among the several States," there is no reason for federal interference in a scenario such as this, where a product is legally sold in each of the states in question.

To repeal the Environmental Protection Agency's 2015 "Waters of the United States" rule.

Would have phased out agricultural crop subsidies by fiscal year 2030.

Haspel was complicit in the use of torture, including waterboarding, a violation of U.S. law as well as the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment prohibition against "cruel and unusual punishments."

Regulation of the Internet is not a proper function of the federal government under the Constitution. The new FCC rule under Commissioner Pai was more of a hands-off approach to the Internet, allowing service providers to set their own rules. This is the correct approach, as any provider "throttling" service or overcharging customers will lose business to more competitive providers in a free market setting. Government, in scenarios such as these, will nearly always cause more problems than it claims to attempt to solve. Case in point: Regulations are not always applied equally, as under the Obama FCC rule some sites were forced to "play fair," while some of the big guys, such as Netflix and Google, could still set their own rules.

Would provide $1.3 trillion in wasteful and unconstitutional government spending.

Would provide $1.3 trillion in wasteful and unconstitutional government spending.

Would remove U.S. Armed Forces from "hostilities" in Yemen that have "not been authorized by Congress."

Would authorize $75 million a year through 2028 for the Justice Department's Secure Our Schools grant program.

To provide "conditional permanent residence" (i.e., amnesty) to DACA program recipients.

The flood of illegal immigrants into the United States has risen to the level of an invasion swamping our Republic, and political entities that provide sanctuary to illegal aliens in contravention of federal immigration laws should not expect to do so while receiving federal aid.

Would reauthorize the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) through 2023, allowing secret FISA Court-approved surveillance of American citizens.

Would authorize $3.29 billion in foreign aid to the World Bank International Development Association.

To end NSA collection of communications data that is neither to nor from an approved foreign target, but rather communications "about" a foreign target entirely between American citizens.

Would reauthorize the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) through 2023, allowing secret FISA Court-approved surveillance of American citizens.

Would cut the corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent and individual income tax rates through 2025, and effectively eliminate the tax penalty on Americans who do not purchase health insurance.

The tax cuts in this bill will keep more money in the hands of American businesses and consumers, where it can be invested into the economy, thus spurring economic growth. Unfortunately, however, the bill does not address federal spending, which needs to be reined in via other legislation.

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to interfere in healthcare, let alone ration it by deciding who should and should not receive medical care.

Federal involvement in natural disaster relief is not only unconstitutional, but also wasteful, inefficient, ineffective, and often harmful. Disaster relief is much better handled by states, counties, and local communities, coupled with volunteer efforts from across the country.

Would cut $43 billion in federal budget authority in fiscal 2018.

The U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to get involved in healthcare, and all government meddling causes more healthcare problems, such as rising healthcare costs.

Bans abortion when the age of the pre-born baby is 20 weeks or longer.

The U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to get involved in the Internet, which operates best without intrusive government regulation.

Going into homes to check up on the physical, emotional, and economic "wellness" of families not only goes way beyond the few and defined federal powers authorized by the Constitution, but also is part of a dangerous trend of government further interjecting itself into the family.

To repeal, six months after the bill's enactment, the 2001 Authorization for the Use of Military Force (AUMF).

Would effectively prohibit fracking in the Pacific outer continental shelf.

Prohibits the use of federal funds for making contributions to various UN human rights agencies.

Authorizes classified amounts of funding through fiscal 2018 for 16 U.S. intelligence agencies and intelligence-related activities, including the Office of the National Intelligence Director, the CIA, and the National Security Agency.

Would establish new sanctions and expand certain existing sanctions on Russian, Iran, and North Korea.

Would have expired the expansion of Medicaid, prohibited tax credits for healthcare plans that provide abortion coverage, banned federal funds for abortion, and repealed the ObamaCare mandates.

Confirms President Trump's appointment of John Kenneth Bush to the Sixth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.

This bill provides temporary relief from having to immediately implement the new ozone reduction standards. Ideally, the EPA should be abolished and the Clean Air Act repealed, since both are unconstitutional infringements on state responsibilities.

"[S]olemnly reaffirms" the U.S. commitment to NATO based on principle of "collective defense."

Would impose new sanctions on Iran and Russia, and codify sanctions imposed by the Obama administration on Russia.

To "affirm" that the U.S. remains "fully committed" to NATO.

The United States should not interject itself in foreign conflicts such as the civil war in Yemen (via arms sales to one of the combatants in that conflict -- Saudi Arabia), and should not take steps tantamount to going to war without a declaration of war by Congress.

Would overhaul financial industry regulations and repeal many provisions of the 2010 Dodd-Frank law.

Providing federal equipment and training to state and local law-enforcement officers not only is unconstitutional, but also further federalizes the police system.

Would retain much of ObamaCare under the guise of "repeal and replace."

Would provide $1.16 trillion in discretionary appropriations through September 30, 2017.

Would provide $1.16 trillion in wasteful and unconstitutional government spending over the span of just under five months.

Would nullify a HHS rule that prevents states that distribute federal family planning funding from prohibiting receipt of funds by abortion providers, such as Planned Parenthood.

The United States should stay clear of entangling alliances such as NATO. Moreover, NATO also obligates that the United States go to war if any member of NATO is attacked, which undermines the provision in the U.S. Constitution that assigns to Congress the power to declare war. Montenegro, which was part of communist Yugoslavia during the Cold War era, is now one of 28 countries the United States is obligated to defend under NATO.

This bill expands the "War on Terror" to include the fictitious and non-existent threat of "agro-terrorism" in the American homeland, thereby further interjecting the U.S. government into the agriculture sector, despite the absence of any constitutional power to manage this or any other sector of the American economy.

Since the power of wildlife management was not granted to the federal government by the Constitution, it is reserved to Alaska and the other 49 states according to the 10th Amendment.

Prohibits the U.S. government from preventing individuals from purchasing a gun simply by claiming the individual is "mentally incompetent."

This legislation reaffirms Alaska's sovereign power to manage its wildlife. Since the power of wildlife management was not granted to the federal government by the Constitution, it is reserved to Alaska and the other 49 states according to the 10th Amendment.

This bill limits the power of an unconstitutional federal government agency. The U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to get involved in healthcare, much less establish a Department of Health and Human Services, so any attempt to limit the power of an unconstitutional federal agency is a step in the right direction.

Would nullify a Social Security rule that outlines reporting information on individuals to the FBI's firearm background checks system (NICS).

Would nullify the "Stream Protection Rule" issued in 2016 by the Interior Department's Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement.

Would nullify the "Stream Protection Rule" issued in 2016 by the Interior Department's Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement.

Would prohibit both federal funds and the District of Columbia's funds from being used to pay for abortions.

The rapid projected growth in future spending for social "entitlement" programs under current law is unsustainable due to both the declining ratio between workers and Social Security recipients, and also the fact that people are living longer. Plus, there is no constitutional authorization for these programs. Those who genuinely want to help the needy should recognize that the best way to do it is to phase out government social-welfare programs in favor of private alternatives.

Would remove $9.7 trillion worth of new debt and balance the budget by 2024.

Would require congressional approval before any "major rule" issued by an executive branch agency could go into effect.

Army Corps of Engineers water projects are unconstitutional. Nowhere does the Constitution give the federal government authority to "restore" or "improve" the environment or guarantee safe drinking water. Such projects, if needed, should be handled by the states and cities. Further, many of the Army Corps of Engineers projects actually have disastrous results, far from what was originally intended.

Provides funding for federal government operations at the fiscal year 2016 level through 4/28/2017 at an annualized rate of $1.07 trillion.

Provides funding for federal government operations at the fiscal year 2016 level through April 28, 2017 at an annualized "discretionary" rate of $1.07 trillion.

The authorizations in this bill go way beyond providing for our national defense. Our foreign military interventions in the Middle East in particular have exacerbated terrorism and undermined U.S. security. The creation of the Orwellian "Global Engagement Center," which was added to the NDAA without Congress being able to vote on it as a stand-alone bill, also falls outside the scope of legitimate national defense. Rather than agreeing to the version of NDAA they did, our lawmakers should have rejected it and passed instead a constitutionally sound version.

The authorizations in this bill go way beyond providing for our national defense. Our foreign military interventions in the Middle East in particular have exacerbated terrorism and undermined U.S. security. The creation of the Orwellian "Global Engagement Center," which was added to the NDAA without Congress being able to vote on it as a stand-alone bill, also falls outside the scope of legitimate national defense. Rather than agreeing to the version of NDAA they did, our lawmakers should have rejected it and passed instead a constitutionally sound version.

The United States should not interject itself in foreign conflicts such as the civil war in Yemen, and should not take steps tantamount to going to war without congressional debate and a declaration of war by Congress.

Attempting to help citizens deal with drug overdose and addiction is not a responsibility of the U.S. government under the Constitution. While it is arguably better to treat addicts as people having a medical problem rather than as criminals needing incarceration, this is not a constitutional use of taxpayer money. Such programs, if handled by government, should be handled by local or state governments rather than the federal government.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to be making environmental regulations. Such regulations on power plants will likely do nothing to actually help the environment, but will hurt consumers via higher prices and will almost certainly cause job losses in the energy sector. The EPA is an unconstitutional federal agency created by executive order, and Congress really ought to abolish it. Any action to limit the EPA's power is a good thing.

Requires the Department of Agriculture to establish a national mandatory disclosure standard for genetically modified organism (GMO) food.

The U.S. government should not be subsidizing abortions. While it is certainly constitutional for the federal government to provide healthcare to federal employees, abortion is not healthcare. The federal government should not be using taxpayer money to pay for the taking of innocent life.

The presence of "sanctuary cities," in which cities and states harbor illegal immigrants and protect them from deportation, is a violation of federal immigration law. Saying such cities and states are ineligible for federal grants, while imperfect in that it essentially uses federal (and likely unconstitutional) grant money as a "bribe," is still a step in the right direction.

Restricting non-criminals from flying is a violation of the Fifth Amendment's guarantee of "due process of law," and linking firearm ownership to a federal no-fly list is a violation of the Second Amendment's protection of the right of the people to keep and bear arms. The federal no-fly list includes many people with no criminal record, and some people with identical or similar names to convicted criminals are erroneously placed on the list.

Federally mandated background checks for all firearm purchases have long been a goal of gun-control advocates, as they could easily be used to restrict firearm ownership by setting arbitrary requirements for passing the background checks. Murphy's amendment is a blatant violation of the Second Amendment, which prohibits the federal government from infringing upon the people's right to keep and bear arms.

Bars the use of funds in the bill from being used to conduct warrantless searches of Americans' digital communications that have crossed the U.S. border.

The so-called green-energy mandates squander military resources and undermine the purpose of having a military, which is to defend the United States and win our wars.

U.S. foreign aid is unconstitutional, and aid sent to Pakistan has undermined rather than helped the cause of freedom.

Prohibits the use of funds in the bill for the Syria Train and Equip Program.

Presidents have been able to claim broad authority to go to war whenever or wherever they choose under the AUMF, despite the fact that the Founding Fathers never intended for one man to make this decision, and under the Constitution only Congress may "declare war."

Providing federal training to state and local law-enforcement programs is not only unconstitutional, but also further federalizes the police system.

Funding overseas contingency operations for domestic programs is not "defense" spending and does not belong in the NDAA. The federal government has no constitutional authority to engage in such spending for operations in other countries, and using American taxpayer dollars in an attempt to fight drugs and disease is inappropriate.

The federal government possesses no constitutional authority to set emission standards, ozone levels have been dropping anyway, and Americans need jobs.

The federal government should not be in the business of subsidizing energy production (which is unconstitutional), let alone picking "winners and losers" in the marketplace by propping up favored companies with grants and research money while others do not receive such help.

Prohibits the use of funds to carry out the Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) rule and notice of the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Any federal involvement in the transportation or housing markets via regulations or subsidies is an overstepping of constitutional boundaries. Government involvement in the housing market can cause market distortions, and subsidizing housing for those who cannot afford it is a form of wealth redistribution. While helping veterans is arguably constitutional, the Department of Veterans affairs, and the Veterans Health Administration in particular, is a bloated, inefficient bureaucracy and a perfect example of the failures of socialized medicine. The federal government ought to cover veterans' healthcare costs but allow them to use the same private sector healthcare services that non-veterans use. This would be cheaper, offer better care, and be more efficient than the current VA boondoggle, and be constitutional.

Prohibits the use of funds for President Obama's executive orders that require the Defense Department to meet "green" energy mandates.

Presidents have been able to claim broad authority to go to war whenever or wherever they choose under the AUMF, despite the fact that the Founding Fathers never intended for one man to make this decision, and under the Constitution only Congress may "declare war."

The U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to regulate or otherwise get involved in energy production. Particularly troubling is the $95 million subsidy for wind energy, which is an intermittent energy source that will not replace any conventional energy utilities. While chump change when compared to most federal spending, it is still unconstitutional and a crony-capitalist venture whereby the government is rigging the market by picking winners and losers. The federal government should stay out of energy production, period, and leave it up to a free market to decide what type of and how much energy should be produced.

The U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to regulate and/or manage segments of the economy, such as aviation. Airplane manufacturers, airlines, and airports should all be privately run, and not subsidized by the federal government.

The Internet sector, like the broader economy, should be a free market, and the federal government has no constitutional authority to intrude.

Feeding the world is not a proper responsibility of the U.S. government. Nowhere in the U.S. Constitution is there any authorization for the federal government to feed the American people, let alone citizens of other countries. Furthermore, offering "aid" to impoverished countries is often a means to prop up dictators who will bend to the will of the wealthy country in exchange for money. Such corrupt rulers have little regard for the welfare of their people, so the "aid" rarely finds its way to the people who need it most.

Authorize funding for additional Transportation Security Administration (TSA).

This is constitutionally exemplary for the House of Representatives to take legal action to uphold Congress' sole authority to legislate regarding naturalization and to make the point that the executive branch has the duty to enforce the laws made by Congress.

H.R. 3797 would ease emissions regulations threatening the viability of refuse coal power plants, which benefit the environment by utilizing coal-mining byproduct as an energy source. The federal government has no constitutional authority to regulate plant emissions to begin with.

King's adamant support for Common Core and its universal one-size fits all approach to local education. Moreover, the Department of Education is unconstitutional.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to require individuals to purchase health insurance, to manage the healthcare industry, or to provide funds to organizations that terminate the lives of the preborn.

U.S. presidents, including Obama, have established these national monuments through executive orders, thereby placing huge tracts of land off-limits to development, without the approval of either Congress or the states where the land is located.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the rule were to be allowed to go into effect, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any "body of water," no matter how small.

Congress is authorized to protect each state against invasion.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the rule were to be allowed to go into effect, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any "body of water," no matter how small.

The Federal Reserve system, essentially a cartel of private banks functioning as a central bank, is unconstitutional and is responsible for much of the nation's current financial problems via its control of money and credit. An audit of the Fed would shed light on its otherwise secretive practices and perhaps lead to its eventual abolishment.

With this omnibus bill members of Congress are failing to address their fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is currently yielding annual federal deficits measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars, as well as minimizing their accountability to the voters by combining all discretionary federal spending for fiscal 2016 into one gigantic "take it or leave it" bill.

With this omnibus bill members of Congress are failing to address their fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is currently yielding annual federal deficits measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars, as well as minimizing their accountability to the voters by combining all discretionary federal spending for fiscal 2016 into one gigantic "take it or leave it" bill.

As explained in House vote 19, the federal government has no constitutional authority to be involved with education; nowhere in the U.S. Constitution is education listed as one of the government's enumerated powers. K-12 education, if publicly funded, should be run primarily by parents coordinating with local school districts rather than by a centralized bureaucracy out of Washington, D.C.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to be involved with education; nowhere in the U.S. Constitution is education listed as one of the government's enumerated powers. K-12 education, if publicly funded, should be run primarily by parents coordinating with local school districts rather than by a centralized bureaucracy out of Washington, D.C.

The federal government should not hinder existing power plants with regulations that stifle energy production and increase rates, there is no authorization in the Constitution for the federal government to interfere in the energy sector, and CO2 is not a pollutant.

The federal government should not hinder existing power plants with regulations that stifle energy production and increase rates, there is no authorization in the Constitution for the federal government to interfere in the energy sector, and CO2 is not a pollutant.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the rule were to be allowed to go into effect, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any "body of water," no matter how small.

Temporarily suspends the national debt limit and puts a ceiling on how much money the federal government is allowed to borrow.

The federal government should live within its means, suspending the debt limit is even worse than raising it, and most of the spending responsible for the ballooning national debt is unconstitutional.

The Export-Import Bank is a poster boy for corporate cronyism. The government finances or insures foreign purchases from U.S. companies that commercial banks are unwilling or unable to finance owing to the political or commercial risks inherent in the deals, leaving taxpayers on the hook in the event of default. Constitutionally speaking, the U.S. government should not be underwriting private businesses at taxpayers' expense, regardless of whether or not such businesses are small, "mom and pop" companies.

The federal government should not, and has no constitutional authority to, subsidize the killing of innocent human life.

The federal government should not, and has no constitutional authority to, subsidize the killing of innocent human life.

All legislative powers in the Constitution are vested in Congress, not the executive branch. Mandatory rules issued by the executive branch might not be called laws, but they have the same effect as laws, and what they are called does not change the reality.

The Export-Import Bank, as explained in House vote 16, is a poster boy for corporate cronyism. The government finances or insures foreign purchases from U.S. companies that commercial banks are unwilling or unable to finance owing to the political or commercial risks inherent in the deals, leaving taxpayers on the hook in the event of default.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to interject itself into the education sector, and Common Core is intended to create a national curriculum leading to nationalized education.

TPA would facilitate the subordination of the national independence of the United States to regional blocs of nations in a process that is leading toward a world government.

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to interfere in healthcare, let alone ration it by deciding who should and should not receive medical care.

TPA would facilitate the subordination of the national independence of the United States to regional blocs of nations in a process that is leading toward a world government.

Any form of torture is a violation of a person's God-given rights, regardless of whether or not the person is a U.S. citizen. In fact, the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits "cruel and unusual punishment." The U.S. government is not above the rule of law, and any government agency or agent must be held accountable to a standard that respects human rights and dignity.

Arming foreign fighters would be an act of war, and under the U.S. Constitution, only Congress may declare war. Moreover, our interventionist policy in the Middle East has exacerbated terrorism. In Syria, for example, arming the so-called moderate rebels helped create the ISIS threat. And regarding Iraq, arms sent to the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) could also fall into the hands of the rival Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a communist terrorist group dedicated to the creation of a Marxist-Leninist state of Kurdistan. The KRG is divided between the more conservative Kurdistan Democratic Party (PDK) of Iraq and the left-wing Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), which is affiliated with the Socialist International.

The House held separate roll call votes on the Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) sections of H.R. 1314.

This bill would cede national sovereignty over food-related choices and regulations to the WTO. Moreover, this bill would prevent American consumers from knowing where their food comes from.

The federal government has no constitutional authority risking taxpayers' money to provide loans and terms that the private sector considers too risky to provide. Indeed, U.S. government-backed export financing is a form of corporate welfare, and if the Ex-Im Bank went bust (as happened to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae), the taxpayers would have been stuck holding the bag. The bank's charter was not reauthorized, and it expired on June 30, 2015.

Federal jobs programs are unconstitutional. Moreover, it makes no sense to claim that the federal government must cough up federal funds to help workers who will lose their jobs to supposedly jobs-creating trade agreements.

Renews the on-again-off-again "fast track authority" that Congress has often awarded to the president over the past several decades.

The constitutionally dubious premise of federal regulation of "navigable waters" on the basis of the interstate commerce clause should not encompass puddles, ditches, seasonal streams, and isolated ponds on private lands.

This bill would further empower the unconstitutional Department of Homeland Security, erode the privacy protections enshrined in the Constitution, and gradually move the United States closer to becoming a police state.

Lynch is supportive of blatantly unconstitutional actions on the part of the executive branch.

The estate tax discourages upward mobility in America's middle class by making it prohibitively expensive to pass on a family business or farm to one's descendants. Even though proponents of the estate tax claim that its repeal would only benefit the super-rich at the expense of everyone else, the wealthy are often not adversely affected by the estate tax and can usually avoid it via accounting strategies and funneling money into tax-free foundations. In fact, in 2001 over 120 of America's wealthiest urged Congress not to repeal the estate tax.

No branch of government has been empowered by the Constitution to force Americans to buy health insurance.

This resolution steals wealth from some to give to others, cause an overabundance of workers in certain job fields (meaning grossly wasted funds), and expand unconstitutional federal involvement in education.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to interject itself in the education sector, and Common Core is intended to create a national curriculum leading to nationalizing education.

The UN Arms Trade Treaty is an attempt by a global governance body, the United Nations, to regulate weapons. Such regulation is at odds with the American ideals of national sovereignty and freedom to bear arms without infringement by government. While the UN likely wouldn't march into American neighborhoods to confiscate guns the moment the treaty was ratified, ratification of the treaty would be a step in the wrong direction. Any opposition to the UN Arms Trade Treaty is to be commended.

Foreign aid is unconstitutional but also because this bill would further interject the United States into a foreign conflict. Allowing the U.S. president to provide lethal arms to Ukraine in order to fight Russia is tantamount to waging a proxy war on Russia without the constitutionally required congressional declaration of war. The House, by giving such power to the president, is relinquishing one of its constitutional responsibilities.

Authorizes $7.2 billion for Amtrak funding over the next four years.

Under the U.S. Constitution, "all legislative powers herein granted" are delegated to Congress, and it is the responsibility of the president to faithfully execute the law. The president is not a "king" or "dictator" who may make his own law.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to require individuals to purchase health insurance or to manage the healthcare industry.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to regulate industry practices or set drinking water standards. These standards are monitored and enforced by the Environmental Protection Agency, which is itself an unconstitutional agency created by executive order.

The government should not be subsidizing the killing of innocent human life, but also because there is no constitutional authority for the government to manage or finance the healthcare sector.

The president is not a "king" or "dictator" who may make his own law. Under the U.S. Constitution, "all legislative powers herein granted" are delegated to Congress, and it is the responsibility of the president to faithfully execute the law.

Senator Cruz raised a constitutional point of order that the bill violates the Constitution's separation of powers because the bill would fund President Obama's executive action on amnesty.

With this fiscal 2015 omnibus appropriations bill, Congress is failing to address its fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is currently yielding annual federal deficits measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars that contribute directly to the dramatic growth of our already $18 trillion national debt.

Provides $1.013 trillion in discretionary appropriations in fiscal 2015 for federal departments and agencies.

"President Obama's grant of deferred action to more than four million unlawfully present aliens, as directed in a November 20, 2014, memorandum issued by Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Charles Johnson, is without any constitutional or statutory basis," as correctly stated in the bill.

This bill essentially gets the federal government out of the way of economic development. While one could correctly argue that the federal government should not have been involved in this issue in the first place, and that from a constitutional standpoint it should be left up to the states, private property owners, and TransCanada to work out an arrangement, this bill is definitely a step in the right direction since it would remove unconstitutional federal regulatory road blocks against the pipeline project.

This bill essentially gets the federal government out of the way of economic development. While one could correctly argue that the federal government should not have been involved in this issue in the first place, and that from a constitutional standpoint it should be left up to the states, private property owners, and TransCanada to work out an arrangement, this bill is definitely a step in the right direction since it would remove unconstitutional federal regulatory roadblocks against the pipeline project.

The Federal Reserve System, essentially a cartel of private banks functioning as a central bank, is unconstitutional and is responsible for much of the nation's current financial problems via its control of money and credit. An audit of the Fed would shed light on its otherwise secretive practices and perhaps lead to its eventual abolishment.

The federal government has no constitutional authorization to determine the value of employees' labor in the private sector, whether in the absolute sense or relative to other wages. Wages instead should be determined by the market.

This proposed constitutional amendment would effectively repeal the free speech provision of the First Amendment, since restricting the amount of money that may be spent on political speech would restrict political speech.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the rule were to pass, activities such as farming would become nearly unfeasible, since farmers would have to get federal permits to do many farm activities, such as cleaning out ditches.

most of the $3.6 billion requested by President Obama would be used to expand his amnesty program of deferred action for childhood arrivals, an unconstitutional usurpation of Congress' power to "to establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization."

Transfers local transportation infrastructure projects to the states.

Would force employers to pay for contraceptives (including abortifacients) even when they object on religious grounds.

The federal government should not hinder the development and utilization of the nation's natural resources, including oil and gas. Encouraging and allowing such development is in line with the Constitution and should therefore be supported. Additionally, such a move would place America further along the road to energy self-sufficiency, which is important for national security and insulation from various global political crises.

There is no constitutional authorization for federal workforce-training programs. This is not to say that workforce training is a bad thing, but such programs are best handled by the private sector, which would surely provide more and better jobs if the federal government were to siphon less money out of the economy for programs to improve the economy.

Prevents defense funds from being used to allow U.S. intelligence agencies to sift through electronic metadata that contains the personal information of U.S. citizens.

Arming "moderate" rebels in a foreign country is tantamount to going to war, which would require a declaration of war by Congress. Also, the United States should follow the Founders' advice not to become involved in foreign quarrels.

Prohibited any funding in the bill from being used to transfer excess military equipment for police.

Presidents have been able to claim broad authority to go to war whenever or wherever they choose under the AUMF, despite the fact that the Founding Fathers never intended for one man to make this decision and under the Constitution only Congress may "declare war."

Fischer's record indicates that he is supportive of central bank inflationary policies that create economic havoc. Moreover, the Federal Reserve, America's central bank that creates money out of thin air, is unconstitutional.

Opposing the nomination of such a high-ranking establishment operative to be point person for implementing the unconstitutional ObamaCare law should be a no-brainer for Constitution-supporting senators.

Any attempt to limit or prohibit indefinite military detention is desirable, especially since persons detained may include U.S. citizens. Indefinite military detention is a blatant violation of the Sixth Amendment, and an executive who can wield such powers is akin to a monarch or dictator. As Rep. Smith said during consideration of the amendment: "That is an enormous amount of power to give the Executive: to take someone and lock them up without due process. It is not necessary. This President has not used the authority. President George W. Bush did not use it after about 2002 and then only in a couple of instances. It is not necessary. It is an enormous amount of power to grant the Executive, and I believe places liberty and freedom at risk in this country."

The Authorization for the Use of Military Force, while granted by Congress, gives the president almost unlimited powers to invade countries, overthrow governments, and assassinate people under the pretext of waging the "war on terror." Congress essentially handed over its constitutional authority to declare war to the executive branch, thus giving the executive unconstitutional abilities. Any attempt to end the Authorization for the Use of Military Force is a step in the right direction.

Any debate on the Senate floor that could prevent a federal minimum wage increase is a good thing. A federal minimum wage is unconstitutional, since nowhere in the Constitution is the federal government authorized to dictate how much private businesses pay their employees for services performed as part of a private, voluntary contract. Furthermore, many studies have demonstrated that minimum wage increases always lead to more unemployment among the poor and unskilled workers, the very people whom the wage increase is ostensibly intended to help.

By paying people unemployment benefits, the federal government is essentially subsidizing unemployment. That the federal government does this in the first place is bad enough, but any extension of said benefits is even worse. At a time when government debt is nearly $17 trillion, paying unemployment benefits is fiscally irresponsible. Furthermore, the U.S. Constitution nowhere authorizes the federal government to provide unemployment benefits to workers. This type of welfare should be handled on the state or local level, if handled by the government at all.

Provides $150 million for direct aid to Ukraine.

Provides $150 million for direct aid to Ukraine.

Childcare funding is an unconstitutional activity of the federal government.

Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution requires that the president "shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed." When instead the president picks and chooses which laws to enforce and which to ignore, he is usurping the powers of Congress, which under the Constitution possesses sole legislative powers.

Restricting greenhouse-gas emissions would be harmful to the economy, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are not pollutants, and the federal government has no constitutional authority to limit such emissions.

The federal government should live within its means, suspending the debt limit is even worse than raising it, and most of the spending responsible for the ballooning national debt is unconstitutional.

The federal government should live within its means, suspending the debt limit is even worse than raising it, and most of the spending responsible for the ballooning national debt is unconstitutional.

Both farm aid and food aid are unconstitutional. The food subsidy programs are supposed to help the poor, but in practice they have done little to lift people out of poverty, as evidenced by the growing number of recipients of these programs.

Both farm aid and food aid are unconstitutional. The food subsidy programs are supposed to help the poor, but in practice they have done little to lift people out of poverty, as evidenced by the growing number of recipients of these programs.

The government should not be subsidizing the killing of innocent human life. There is no constitutional authority for the government to manage or finance the healthcare sector.

This budget agreement Congress is failing to address its fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is currently yielding annual federal deficits measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars that contribute directly to the dramatic growth of our $17 trillion national debt.

With this budget agreement Congress is failing to address its fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is currently yielding annual federal deficits measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars that contribute directly to the dramatic growth of our $17 trillion national debt.

The economic havoc, caused by inflation, that Yellen contributed to as vice-chair and that she intends to continue as the new chair of the Fed. Furthermore, a central bank, such as the Fed, that creates money out of thin air is not authorized by the Constitution.

This budget agreement Congress is failing to address its fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is currently yielding annual federal deficits measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars that contribute directly to the dramatic growth of our $17 trillion national debt.

With this budget agreement Congress is failing to address its fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is currently yielding annual federal deficits measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars that contribute directly to the dramatic growth of our $17 trillion national debt.

The federal government is overstepping its constitutional boundaries by dictating the hiring practices of private employers. While the exemption for religious organizations is a good thing, the bill is still a serious infringement on private property rights as it limits what a person can and cannot do on his or her private property, in this case a business.

The federal government should live within its means and because most of the spending responsible for the ballooning national debt is unconstitutional.

The negotiated deal contained in this bill constituted a cave-in by 87 Republicans that ended the government shutdown as well as the Republican attempt to defund the unconstitutional ObamaCare law.

Continues funding government operations, including ObamaCare.

The bill contains appropriations for huge amounts of unconstitutional spending.

Continues funding the federal government, including ObamaCare.

Even though the bill contains appropriations for huge amounts of unconstitutional spending, it would completely defund unconstitutional ObamaCare in fiscal 2014.

In recent decades the executive branch, via various federal agencies and executive orders, has exercised a great deal of unconstitutional power. An executive who can write laws and regulations apart from the legislature is basically a king or a dictator, and this abuse of power is precisely what the Founding Fathers tried to prevent with the separation of powers.

The bill called for more spending and of the spending is unconstitutional.