Congressional Votes

Would extend for three years the expiration date of Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.

Would extend by 45 days the expiration date of Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978.

Would expand federal involvement in housing.

Would repeal three federal energy-efficiency programs and rescind about $300 million designated for them.

Would exempt "less-than-lethal projectile devices," including certain Tasers, from federal gun-control regulations and taxes.

Would protect Americans from a requirement that new passenger motor vehicles be equipped with "advanced drunk and impaired driving prevention technology."

Would appropriate $187 billion in total funding for select federal agencies in fiscal 2026.

Would appropriate $187 billion in total funding for select federal agencies in fiscal 2026.

Would extend enhanced ObamaCare subsidies by an additional three years.

Extends enhanced ObamaCare subsidies by an additional three years.

Overturns a 2022 Bureau of Land Management rule for the 23-million-acre National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska.

Overturns a 2022 Bureau of Land Management rule for the 23-million-acre National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska.

Prohibits any Federal Reserve bank from paying interest on reserve balances that are maintained at a Federal Reserve bank by or on behalf of a big bank or another depository institution.

Abolishes the District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission, allows the U.S. president to nominate D.C. judges without its involvement, and transfers authority to appoint chief judges from the commission to the president.

Strikes all funding for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

Imposes new federal regulations on cryptocurrency stablecoins.

Prohibits the Federal Reserve from issuing a CBDC.

Rescinds $9 billion in funding previously appropriated by Congress for fiscal 2025.

Ends federal tax credits for projects utilizing battery and energy-storage technologies.

Imposes new federal regulations on cryptocurrency stablecoins.

Rescinds $9.4 billion in funding previously appropriated by Congress for fiscal 2025.

Overturns a Department of Energy rule imposing new efficiency-standard certification, labeling, and enforcement requirements for dozens of appliances.

Imposes federal regulations on ticket sellers.

Would overturn a 2024 Department of Energy rule, titled "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters," that imposed new requirements on gas-fired instantaneous water heaters and effectively banned the sale of non-condensing models.

During consideration of a budget resolution for fiscal 2025 (House Concurrent Resolution 14), Senator Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) offered an amendment to increase the federal minimum wage to at least $17 an hour over five years.

Representative Brian Babin (R-Texas) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 1534, the "Innovative Mitigation Partnerships for Asphalt and Concrete Technologies (IMPACT) Act," which would authorize the Department of Energy to fund research and development partnerships focused on reducing greenhouse-gas emissions from asphalt and concrete production.

Overturns an EPA rule that imposed annual fees on oil and gas facilities that emit methane above certain thresholds.

Overturns an EPA rule that imposed annual fees on oil and gas facilities that emit methane above certain thresholds.

Would prohibit the president from declaring a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing (fracking) unless authorized by an act of Congress.

Reauthorizes a federal conservation program (the Nutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003) through fiscal 2030.

Representative Bruce Westerman (R-Ark.) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass S. 3791, the "America's Conservation Enhancement Reauthorization Act of 2024," which would reauthorize multiple conservation and wildlife programs through fiscal 2030.

Overturns Education Department rules that promoted far-left social policies at colleges and universities.

Representative Chip Roy (R-Texas) offered an amendment to prohibit funds authorized by this bill from being used to implement President Joe Biden's climate-change executive orders, which focused on tackling "climate change," promoting "clean energy," "conserving" natural resources, "improving" refugee programs, boosting domestic semiconductor production, and ensuring "environmental justice" for "underserved communities."

Senate Joint Resolution 58 would reverse a December 2023 Department of Energy rule setting stricter energy-efficiency standards for non-weatherized and mobile-home gas furnaces at 95-percent annual fuel utilization efficiency.

Representative Wesley Hunt (R-Texas) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass S. 546, the "Recruit and Retain Act," which expands the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) federal grant program intended to support the recruitment efforts of law-enforcement agencies, including local police, throughout the country.

Expands the Department of Energy's carbon-storage program to include carbon-sequestration projects.

Would reauthorize for two years, until 2026, Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which governs electronic surveillance of foreign terrorism suspects.

Prohibits federal officials from requesting orders under FISA to surveil U.S. persons, among other provisions.

Prohibits the use of fiscal 2024 funding to implement or enforce EPA rules on tailpipe emissions for vehicles.

Would reauthorize for two years, until 2026, Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which governs electronic surveillance of foreign terrorism suspects.

Would reverse a December 2023 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) rule that requires state transportation agencies to set targets for reducing transportation-related greenhouse-gas emissions and report to the FHWA on their progress.

Prohibits funds from being used by the federal government to label speech as "disinformation or misinformation" or to coerce online platforms to censor such speech.

Prohibits the Federal Reserve from purchasing or selling the debt of any state or municipality.

Formally disapproves of an unconstitutional Department of Education rule to repay and forgive student loans.

Defunds the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Strikes all funding for firearms and ammunition for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

Defunds the federal "kill-switch" surveillance mandate for all new passenger vehicles.

Although the Founding Fathers did not envision the federal government indefinitely "owning" 30 percent of the land area of the states as it now does, they did grant Congress, not the president, the "Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States" (Article IV, Section 3 of the Constitution). As to whether the federal government has the right to ownership and control of a large percentage of the land area of the states for an indefinite period of time, here's Founding Father Thomas Jefferson's answer in his Kentucky Resolutions of 1798: "The several states composing the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their General Government; but that by compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States and of amendments thereto, they constituted a General Government for special purposes, delegated to that Government certain definite powers, reserving each state to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self Government; and that whensoever the General Government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force."

The federal government has no authority under the Constitution to impose mask mandates.

The federal government has no authority under the Constitution to regulate agriculture. Furthermore, Hageman's amendment would push back against the United Nations' Agenda 2030, which is inherently contrary to the Constitution. Congress should eliminate all federal involvement in agriculture.

It is unconstitutional to force vaccinations on people.

Reauthorizes the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) through fiscal year 2028, and increases funding to the agency.

Formally disapproves of an unconstitutional ATF rule expanding the definition of a "short-barreled rifle."

The federal government has no authority under the Constitution to implement environmental regulations. Furthermore, the EPA's rule feeds right into the climate-change hoax and, by extension, the UN's Agenda 2030, and would impose onerous regulations on businesses.

The claim that the ERA is a "valid … part of the Constitution" is a sham. When Congress submitted the ERA to the states for ratification in 1972, it set a seven-year ratification period that ended on March 22, 1979. During that period, 35 states ratified the ERA, but four of those states reconsidered and rescinded their ratifications. This left the ERA seven states short of the three-fourths majority (38 states) needed to become part of the Constitution. Prior to the deadline, when it became apparent the 38-state threshold would not be reached, Congress extended the deadline to June 30, 1982. This legally dubious extension caused a fifth state to rescind, and during the extension period no new states ratified. In recent years, three new states have ratified the ERA. But to claim that this makes the ERA part of the Constitution is to ignore the long-expired deadlines, as well as the five states that rescinded.

Section 115 of the Clean Air Act has for decades served to disguise the federal government's unconstitutional seizure of control over the domestic energy sector — a plan designed to not only erode state sovereignty, but implement United Nations-led global "climate change" policy. The 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution clearly reserves any such regulatory powers to the "States respectively, or to the people," as opposed to unelected, unaccountable foreign bureaucrats.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the latest Biden administration rule were allowed to stand, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any body of water, no matter how small.

It is unconstitutional to suspend the Constitution by declaring national public-health emergencies.

Expresses the sense of Congress that the Department of Education should be terminated.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the latest Biden administration rule were allowed to stand, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any body of water, no matter how small.

Overturns the Labor Department's rule allowing retirement-plan fiduciaries to use ESG.

Overturns the Labor Department's rule allowing retirement-plan fiduciaries to use ESG.

It is unconstitutional to suspend the Constitution by declaring national public-health emergencies.

Eliminates the Health and Human Services (HHS) Covid-19 vaccine mandate on healthcare providers furnishing items and services in Medicare- and Medicaid-certified facilities.

It is unconstitutional to suspend the U.S. Constitution by declaring national public health emergencies.

Spends at least $512 billion on multiple unconstitutional and left-wing programs and initiatives.

Congress should ensure that executive branch officials do not abridge parents' freedom of speech or their right to peaceably assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances, which is protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Spends at least $512 billion on multiple unconstitutional and left-wing programs and initiatives.

Spends $54.2 billion on multiple unconstitutional research, development, and manufacturing programs, and authorizes an additional $168.7 billion in spending.

Spends $54.2 billion on multiple unconstitutional research, development, and manufacturing programs, and authorizes an additional $168.7 billion in spending.

Unconstitutionally spends $48 billion in grants to small businesses harmed by government Covid restrictions.

Unconstitutionally spends $55 billion in grants to small businesses harmed by government Covid restrictions.

Honoring the subpoenas would undermine the constitutional separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches of government. President Trump had invoked executive privilege, and as Navarro pointed out, "it is not my privilege to waive" it. The January 6 committee is not a court of law; it is a kangaroo court. In fact, it was rigged from the beginning, when Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) took the unprecedented action of nixing two of Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy's (R-Calif.) choices for the committee — Representatives Jim Banks (R-Ind.) and Jim Jordan (R-Ohio). Pelosi instead put on the so-called bipartisan committee RINOs (Republicans In Name Only) Liz Cheney (Wy.) and Adam Kinzinger (Ill.).

The CDC rule requiring persons to wear masks while on planes, trains, and buses is unconstitutional based on the 10th Amendment.

Would "prohibit funding for COVID-19 vaccine mandates."

Spends $1.5 trillion on multiple unconstitutional programs and agencies.

Unconstitutionally authorizes $350 billion over five years for federal funding of research and development programs, along with leftist-agenda items.

The Constitution does not grant the power to any branch of the federal government to force citizens to submit to vaccinations.

Spends $1.75 trillion on a wide range of left-wing, Great-Reset programs.

The federal government should not interfere with energy exploration. Regulation of various industries, such as energy, is not one of the federal government's enumerated powers under the Constitution. Allowing the United States to fully utilize its energy resources would make the country more self-sufficient and potentially create millions of jobs.

Former White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows' lawsuit, which describes the committee's actions as "unconstitutional," rightfully points out, "To the extent Congress seeks to utilize subpoenas to investigate and punish perceived criminal wrongdoing, it unconstitutionally intrudes on the prerogatives of the Executive Branch." Furthermore, the January 6 Committee is part of a growing trend toward tyranny and political persecution.

Authorizes $77.9 billion for federal funding of science and engineering research and development. Promotes a radical climate-change agenda.

Unconstitutionally authorizes $250 billion over five years for federal funding of research and development programs.

Would have limited the federal government's unconstitutional authority to reserve water rights when designating a national monument.

Extends the Treasury Department's Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) from March 31 to June 30, 2021 despite no constitutional authorization.

Spends $1.9 trillion on unconstitutional programs in the name of coronavirus relief.

Spends $1.9 trillion on unconstitutional programs in the name of coronavirus relief.

We oppose. The Affordable Care Act is an unconstitutional monstrosity of government intervention into the healthcare sector and is anything but affordable. ObamaCare reduced individual choice in the health-insurance market, increased costs for many Americans, and has been a poorly run boondoggle from the beginning, exactly what is to be expected when the federal government attempts to regulate and subsidize healthcare, something it has no constitutional authority to do.

We support killing the amendment. The U.S. government should not be attempting to regulate healthcare or health insurance in any way, shape, or form. The Constitution clearly does not allow the federal government to involve itself in healthcare. Decisions about health insurance coverage should be left up to insurance companies. Federal regulations and/or subsidies in the healthcare sector tend to distort the market and have in large part caused the current out-of-control insurance prices we see today.

We oppose. The bill advances a radical environmentalist agenda and increases federal government meddling in the energy market. Under the Constitution's Interstate Commerce Clause, the federal government is empowered "to regulate Commerce … among the several States" only to prevent the restriction of the free flow of goods among the states. Moreover, H.R. 4447 infringes on U.S. sovereignty and will cause energy costs to skyrocket.

We oppose. Nowhere in the Constitution is the federal government authorized to regulate private employers, and federal requirements for covered benefits usually mean decreased pay. This is a matter reserved for the states and the people under the 10th Amendment.

We oppose. This bill irresponsibly increases the federal deficit and diverts energy royalties from being spent for needed constitutional purposes. Additionally, the Constitution does not authorize Congress to purchase private property except "for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings." Moreover, the federal government already owns a huge percentage of land directly -about 28 percent of the nation — and is a demonstrably poor steward of public lands.

We oppose. Nowhere in the Constitution is the federal government authorized to subsidize private businesses. If such subsidies are allowed, then any business could potentially be subsidized at the expense of any other, with the government essentially picking winners and losers in the marketplace, causing great economic distortion.

We oppose. The federal government should not be funding highways, addressing transportation-related "climate-change" issues, promoting motor-vehicle safety, or imposing a tax on driving in order to pay for highway construction and maintenance. Such projects should be left in the hands of state or municipal governments, where the Constitution intends such issues to be handled.

We oppose. Law enforcement is a local or state matter, and that is where decisions such as requiring police officers to wear body cameras should be made. By contrast, H.R. 7120 would move the country further in the direction of a federalized police force beholden to Washington.

Permanently funds the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) at $900 million annually. Creates the National Parks and Public Land Legacy Restoration Fund (NPPLLRF), funded at $1.9 billion annually for five years.

It is unconstitutional for Congress to bail out the U.S. economy.

Prohibits surveillance of American citizens under FISA authorities.

We oppose. While many of the proposed FISA modifications positive from a freedom and privacy standpoint, Congress should have instead voted to not reauthorize the FISA and let it expire. Despite the program's title, the act permits surveillance of Americans who are not charged with any crime.

We oppose. Nowhere in the Constitution is the federal government authorized to disburse loans to small businesses or cover the salaries of laid-off employees. It is not the responsibility of the federal government to bail out businesses or the unemployed.

We oppose. Nowhere in the Constitution is Congress authorized to bail out businesses, industries, and people.

We oppose. While many of the proposed FISA modifications positive from a freedom and privacy standpoint, Congress should have instead voted to not reauthorize the FISA and let it expire. Despite the program's title, the act permits surveillance of Americans who are not charged with any crime.

Cuts the appropriation bill's funding for federal operations and services by 2 percent.

We oppose. Congress is failing to address its fiscally- and constitutionally-irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is yielding annual federal deficits of about $1 trillion. This directly contributes to the national debt's growth.

We oppose. Congress is failing to address its fiscally- and constitutionally-irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is yielding annual federal deficits of about $1 trillion. This directly contributes to the national debt's growth.

Would prohibit indefinite military detention of any person (including Americans). Indefinite detention without trial violates habeas corpus.

Would prohibit the use of federal funds for withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. Fulfilling the agreement would stifle U.S. economy without impacting on alleged man-made global warming.

We oppose. The Constitution does not authorize Congress to purchase private property except "all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings."

Provides $333 billion in "discretionary" spending for the seven remaining fiscal 2019 appropriations bills. Most of the bill's spending programs are unconstitutional.

We oppose. The Constitution does not authorize Congress to purchase private property except "all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings."

Prohibits the use of federal funds to cover the cost of most abortions.

To advance Senate Joint Res. 54, which would remove U.S. Armed Forces from "hostilities" in Yemen that have "not been authorized by Congress."

Decisions regarding human interaction with various animal species, if handled by government at all, should be handled at the state and local levels. The U.S. Constitution does not give the federal government the authority to declare animals endangered and thus off-limits to hunt or otherwise manage. The growing gray wolf population has been a menace to farmers and ranchers in many states, and farmers are not allowed to protect their own property owing to federal regulations. Working to overturn such regulations is a good thing.

Would nullify the rule from the Departments of Treasury, Labor, and HHS that would expand the duration of short-term health insurance plans.

Reauthorizes appropriations for the FAA and TSA, as well as $1.7 billion for Hurricane Florence disaster relief.

Would make permanent the tax cuts for individuals in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 that were set to expire at the end of 2025.

Expands Medicare and Medicaid to cover medication-assisted treatment for substance abuse.

Would provide $855.1 billion in discretionary funding for fiscal 2019.

Reauthorizes appropriations for the FAA and TSA, as well as $1.7 billion for Hurricane Florence disaster relief.

Would provide $855.1 billion in discretionary funding for fiscal 2019.

Medicare and Medicaid are both unconstitutional programs. The U.S. Constitution gives no authority to the federal government to pay people's medical expenses, no matter how poor or disabled they are. Such assistance should be handled by states, charity, or the free market. Any expansion of Medicare or Medicaid, which is what this bill authorizes, should be voted against.

To prohibit federal funding of Planned Parenthood.

Much of this spending falls outside the federal government's constitutionally delegated powers. The unconstitutional spending includes federal social-welfare programs such as food and farm subsidies and housing subsidies (under HUD). Also, lumping multiple appropriations bills together, as opposed to voting on them separately, reduces lawmakers' accountability.

The Constitution does not give the federal government authority to get into the insurance business. Having the federal government as an insurer essentially subsidizes risky behavior, such as building in flood-, fire-, and earthquake-prone areas, and forces the taxpayer to pick up the tab. Insurance policies for natural disasters should be offered by private insurers, with the market setting the rates for such coverage.

The federal government needs to start reining in climbing federal spending (and deficits) somewhere in order to avert fiscal disaster.

This particular excise tax was put in place to help pay for an unconstitutional program — the Affordable Care Act, aka ObamaCare. Repealing part of the funding for such an unconstitutional federal healthcare program is a good thing and should be supported.

Declares that a carbon tax would be "detrimental to American families and businesses" and "not in the best interest of the United States."

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to regulate the environment in general, let alone regulate methane emissions that accompany oil and natural gas production, processing, and distribution.

To reaffirm the U.S. commitment to NATO.

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to subsidize food or agriculture. Moreover, food subsidies have done little to lift people out of poverty, and farm subsidies have caused market distortions as the government essentially picks winners and losers in the food production industry.

To repeal the Environmental Protection Agency's 2015 "Waters of the United States" rule.

This spending falls outside the scope of constitutionally authorized federal powers, and the federal government needs to start reining in ballooning federal spending (and debt) somewhere in order to avert fiscal disaster. The cuts in this bill comprise only a fraction of one percent of total federal spending, and according to the Congressional Budget Office, most of the unspent funding targeted by the bill would not be spent anyway. Yet modest cuts are better than none at all.

To uphold the right to due process for U.S. citizens and permanent residents on American soil.

Would cut nearly $15 billion from previously approved, unspent, and wasteful spending.

Authorizes $50 million a year from 2019-2021 for the Project Safe Neighborhoods Block Grant Program.

Would allow patients with life-threatening conditions to seek access to experimental drugs directly from a manufacturer without FDA approval.

The U.S. Constitution does not give the federal government any authority over what foods a person chooses to consume. In other words, it is illegal for the federal government to make raw milk illegal. While the federal government does have authority to "regulate Commerce … among the several States," there is no reason for federal interference in a scenario such as this, where a product is legally sold in each of the states in question.

To repeal the Environmental Protection Agency's 2015 "Waters of the United States" rule.

Would have phased out agricultural crop subsidies by fiscal year 2030.

Regulation of the Internet is not a proper function of the federal government under the Constitution. The new FCC rule under Commissioner Pai was more of a hands-off approach to the Internet, allowing service providers to set their own rules. This is the correct approach, as any provider "throttling" service or overcharging customers will lose business to more competitive providers in a free market setting. Government, in scenarios such as these, will nearly always cause more problems than it claims to attempt to solve. Case in point: Regulations are not always applied equally, as under the Obama FCC rule some sites were forced to "play fair," while some of the big guys, such as Netflix and Google, could still set their own rules.

Would provide $1.3 trillion in wasteful and unconstitutional government spending.

Would provide $1.3 trillion in wasteful and unconstitutional government spending.

Would remove U.S. Armed Forces from "hostilities" in Yemen that have "not been authorized by Congress."

Would authorize $75 million a year through 2028 for the Justice Department's Secure Our Schools grant program.

The flood of illegal immigrants into the United States has risen to the level of an invasion swamping our Republic, and political entities that provide sanctuary to illegal aliens in contravention of federal immigration laws should not expect to do so while receiving federal aid.

Would reauthorize the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) through 2023, allowing secret FISA Court-approved surveillance of American citizens.

To end NSA collection of communications data that is neither to nor from an approved foreign target, but rather communications "about" a foreign target entirely between American citizens.

Would reauthorize the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) through 2023, allowing secret FISA Court-approved surveillance of American citizens.

Would cut the corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent and individual income tax rates through 2025, and effectively eliminate the tax penalty on Americans who do not purchase health insurance.

The tax cuts in this bill will keep more money in the hands of American businesses and consumers, where it can be invested into the economy, thus spurring economic growth. Unfortunately, however, the bill does not address federal spending, which needs to be reined in via other legislation.

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to interfere in healthcare, let alone ration it by deciding who should and should not receive medical care.

Would cut $43 billion in federal budget authority in fiscal 2018.

Going into homes to check up on the physical, emotional, and economic "wellness" of families not only goes way beyond the few and defined federal powers authorized by the Constitution, but also is part of a dangerous trend of government further interjecting itself into the family.

Would effectively prohibit fracking in the Pacific outer continental shelf.

Authorizes classified amounts of funding through fiscal 2018 for 16 U.S. intelligence agencies and intelligence-related activities, including the Office of the National Intelligence Director, the CIA, and the National Security Agency.

Would have expired the expansion of Medicaid, prohibited tax credits for healthcare plans that provide abortion coverage, banned federal funds for abortion, and repealed the ObamaCare mandates.

This bill provides temporary relief from having to immediately implement the new ozone reduction standards. Ideally, the EPA should be abolished and the Clean Air Act repealed, since both are unconstitutional infringements on state responsibilities.

"[S]olemnly reaffirms" the U.S. commitment to NATO based on principle of "collective defense."

To "affirm" that the U.S. remains "fully committed" to NATO.

Would overhaul financial industry regulations and repeal many provisions of the 2010 Dodd-Frank law.

Would retain much of ObamaCare under the guise of "repeal and replace."

Would provide $1.16 trillion in discretionary appropriations through September 30, 2017.

Would provide $1.16 trillion in wasteful and unconstitutional government spending over the span of just under five months.

Would nullify a HHS rule that prevents states that distribute federal family planning funding from prohibiting receipt of funds by abortion providers, such as Planned Parenthood.

The United States should stay clear of entangling alliances such as NATO. Moreover, NATO also obligates that the United States go to war if any member of NATO is attacked, which undermines the provision in the U.S. Constitution that assigns to Congress the power to declare war. Montenegro, which was part of communist Yugoslavia during the Cold War era, is now one of 28 countries the United States is obligated to defend under NATO.

This bill expands the "War on Terror" to include the fictitious and non-existent threat of "agro-terrorism" in the American homeland, thereby further interjecting the U.S. government into the agriculture sector, despite the absence of any constitutional power to manage this or any other sector of the American economy.

Since the power of wildlife management was not granted to the federal government by the Constitution, it is reserved to Alaska and the other 49 states according to the 10th Amendment.

This legislation reaffirms Alaska's sovereign power to manage its wildlife. Since the power of wildlife management was not granted to the federal government by the Constitution, it is reserved to Alaska and the other 49 states according to the 10th Amendment.

This bill limits the power of an unconstitutional federal government agency. The U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to get involved in healthcare, much less establish a Department of Health and Human Services, so any attempt to limit the power of an unconstitutional federal agency is a step in the right direction.

Would nullify the "Stream Protection Rule" issued in 2016 by the Interior Department's Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement.

Would nullify the "Stream Protection Rule" issued in 2016 by the Interior Department's Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement.

The rapid projected growth in future spending for social "entitlement" programs under current law is unsustainable due to both the declining ratio between workers and Social Security recipients, and also the fact that people are living longer. Plus, there is no constitutional authorization for these programs. Those who genuinely want to help the needy should recognize that the best way to do it is to phase out government social-welfare programs in favor of private alternatives.

Would remove $9.7 trillion worth of new debt and balance the budget by 2024.

Would require congressional approval before any "major rule" issued by an executive branch agency could go into effect.

Army Corps of Engineers water projects are unconstitutional. Nowhere does the Constitution give the federal government authority to "restore" or "improve" the environment or guarantee safe drinking water. Such projects, if needed, should be handled by the states and cities. Further, many of the Army Corps of Engineers projects actually have disastrous results, far from what was originally intended.

Provides funding for federal government operations at the fiscal year 2016 level through 4/28/2017 at an annualized rate of $1.07 trillion.

Provides funding for federal government operations at the fiscal year 2016 level through April 28, 2017 at an annualized "discretionary" rate of $1.07 trillion.

The authorizations in this bill go way beyond providing for our national defense. Our foreign military interventions in the Middle East in particular have exacerbated terrorism and undermined U.S. security. The creation of the Orwellian "Global Engagement Center," which was added to the NDAA without Congress being able to vote on it as a stand-alone bill, also falls outside the scope of legitimate national defense. Rather than agreeing to the version of NDAA they did, our lawmakers should have rejected it and passed instead a constitutionally sound version.

The authorizations in this bill go way beyond providing for our national defense. Our foreign military interventions in the Middle East in particular have exacerbated terrorism and undermined U.S. security. The creation of the Orwellian "Global Engagement Center," which was added to the NDAA without Congress being able to vote on it as a stand-alone bill, also falls outside the scope of legitimate national defense. Rather than agreeing to the version of NDAA they did, our lawmakers should have rejected it and passed instead a constitutionally sound version.

Attempting to help citizens deal with drug overdose and addiction is not a responsibility of the U.S. government under the Constitution. While it is arguably better to treat addicts as people having a medical problem rather than as criminals needing incarceration, this is not a constitutional use of taxpayer money. Such programs, if handled by government, should be handled by local or state governments rather than the federal government.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to be making environmental regulations. Such regulations on power plants will likely do nothing to actually help the environment, but will hurt consumers via higher prices and will almost certainly cause job losses in the energy sector. The EPA is an unconstitutional federal agency created by executive order, and Congress really ought to abolish it. Any action to limit the EPA's power is a good thing.

Requires the Department of Agriculture to establish a national mandatory disclosure standard for genetically modified organism (GMO) food.

The presence of "sanctuary cities," in which cities and states harbor illegal immigrants and protect them from deportation, is a violation of federal immigration law. Saying such cities and states are ineligible for federal grants, while imperfect in that it essentially uses federal (and likely unconstitutional) grant money as a "bribe," is still a step in the right direction.

Restricting non-criminals from flying is a violation of the Fifth Amendment's guarantee of "due process of law," and linking firearm ownership to a federal no-fly list is a violation of the Second Amendment's protection of the right of the people to keep and bear arms. The federal no-fly list includes many people with no criminal record, and some people with identical or similar names to convicted criminals are erroneously placed on the list.

Bars the use of funds in the bill from being used to conduct warrantless searches of Americans' digital communications that have crossed the U.S. border.

The so-called green-energy mandates squander military resources and undermine the purpose of having a military, which is to defend the United States and win our wars.

Prohibits the use of funds in the bill for the Syria Train and Equip Program.

Presidents have been able to claim broad authority to go to war whenever or wherever they choose under the AUMF, despite the fact that the Founding Fathers never intended for one man to make this decision, and under the Constitution only Congress may "declare war."

U.S. foreign aid is unconstitutional, and aid sent to Pakistan has undermined rather than helped the cause of freedom.

Providing federal training to state and local law-enforcement programs is not only unconstitutional, but also further federalizes the police system.

Funding overseas contingency operations for domestic programs is not "defense" spending and does not belong in the NDAA. The federal government has no constitutional authority to engage in such spending for operations in other countries, and using American taxpayer dollars in an attempt to fight drugs and disease is inappropriate.

The federal government possesses no constitutional authority to set emission standards, ozone levels have been dropping anyway, and Americans need jobs.

The federal government should not be in the business of subsidizing energy production (which is unconstitutional), let alone picking "winners and losers" in the marketplace by propping up favored companies with grants and research money while others do not receive such help.

Prohibits the use of funds to carry out the Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) rule and notice of the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Any federal involvement in the transportation or housing markets via regulations or subsidies is an overstepping of constitutional boundaries. Government involvement in the housing market can cause market distortions, and subsidizing housing for those who cannot afford it is a form of wealth redistribution. While helping veterans is arguably constitutional, the Department of Veterans affairs, and the Veterans Health Administration in particular, is a bloated, inefficient bureaucracy and a perfect example of the failures of socialized medicine. The federal government ought to cover veterans' healthcare costs but allow them to use the same private sector healthcare services that non-veterans use. This would be cheaper, offer better care, and be more efficient than the current VA boondoggle, and be constitutional.

Prohibits the use of funds for President Obama's executive orders that require the Defense Department to meet "green" energy mandates.

Presidents have been able to claim broad authority to go to war whenever or wherever they choose under the AUMF, despite the fact that the Founding Fathers never intended for one man to make this decision, and under the Constitution only Congress may "declare war."

The U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to regulate or otherwise get involved in energy production. Particularly troubling is the $95 million subsidy for wind energy, which is an intermittent energy source that will not replace any conventional energy utilities. While chump change when compared to most federal spending, it is still unconstitutional and a crony-capitalist venture whereby the government is rigging the market by picking winners and losers. The federal government should stay out of energy production, period, and leave it up to a free market to decide what type of and how much energy should be produced.

The U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to regulate and/or manage segments of the economy, such as aviation. Airplane manufacturers, airlines, and airports should all be privately run, and not subsidized by the federal government.

The Internet sector, like the broader economy, should be a free market, and the federal government has no constitutional authority to intrude.

Authorize funding for additional Transportation Security Administration (TSA).

This is constitutionally exemplary for the House of Representatives to take legal action to uphold Congress' sole authority to legislate regarding naturalization and to make the point that the executive branch has the duty to enforce the laws made by Congress.

H.R. 3797 would ease emissions regulations threatening the viability of refuse coal power plants, which benefit the environment by utilizing coal-mining byproduct as an energy source. The federal government has no constitutional authority to regulate plant emissions to begin with.

King's adamant support for Common Core and its universal one-size fits all approach to local education. Moreover, the Department of Education is unconstitutional.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to require individuals to purchase health insurance, to manage the healthcare industry, or to provide funds to organizations that terminate the lives of the preborn.

U.S. presidents, including Obama, have established these national monuments through executive orders, thereby placing huge tracts of land off-limits to development, without the approval of either Congress or the states where the land is located.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the rule were to be allowed to go into effect, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any "body of water," no matter how small.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the rule were to be allowed to go into effect, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any "body of water," no matter how small.

The Federal Reserve system, essentially a cartel of private banks functioning as a central bank, is unconstitutional and is responsible for much of the nation's current financial problems via its control of money and credit. An audit of the Fed would shed light on its otherwise secretive practices and perhaps lead to its eventual abolishment.

With this omnibus bill members of Congress are failing to address their fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is currently yielding annual federal deficits measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars, as well as minimizing their accountability to the voters by combining all discretionary federal spending for fiscal 2016 into one gigantic "take it or leave it" bill.

With this omnibus bill members of Congress are failing to address their fiscally and constitutionally irresponsible budgeting and appropriating process that is currently yielding annual federal deficits measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars, as well as minimizing their accountability to the voters by combining all discretionary federal spending for fiscal 2016 into one gigantic "take it or leave it" bill.

As explained in House vote 19, the federal government has no constitutional authority to be involved with education; nowhere in the U.S. Constitution is education listed as one of the government's enumerated powers. K-12 education, if publicly funded, should be run primarily by parents coordinating with local school districts rather than by a centralized bureaucracy out of Washington, D.C.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to be involved with education; nowhere in the U.S. Constitution is education listed as one of the government's enumerated powers. K-12 education, if publicly funded, should be run primarily by parents coordinating with local school districts rather than by a centralized bureaucracy out of Washington, D.C.

The federal government should not hinder existing power plants with regulations that stifle energy production and increase rates, there is no authorization in the Constitution for the federal government to interfere in the energy sector, and CO2 is not a pollutant.

The federal government should not hinder existing power plants with regulations that stifle energy production and increase rates, there is no authorization in the Constitution for the federal government to interfere in the energy sector, and CO2 is not a pollutant.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the rule were to be allowed to go into effect, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any "body of water," no matter how small.

Temporarily suspends the national debt limit and puts a ceiling on how much money the federal government is allowed to borrow.

The federal government should live within its means, suspending the debt limit is even worse than raising it, and most of the spending responsible for the ballooning national debt is unconstitutional.

The Export-Import Bank is a poster boy for corporate cronyism. The government finances or insures foreign purchases from U.S. companies that commercial banks are unwilling or unable to finance owing to the political or commercial risks inherent in the deals, leaving taxpayers on the hook in the event of default. Constitutionally speaking, the U.S. government should not be underwriting private businesses at taxpayers' expense, regardless of whether or not such businesses are small, "mom and pop" companies.

The federal government should not, and has no constitutional authority to, subsidize the killing of innocent human life.

The federal government should not, and has no constitutional authority to, subsidize the killing of innocent human life.

All legislative powers in the Constitution are vested in Congress, not the executive branch. Mandatory rules issued by the executive branch might not be called laws, but they have the same effect as laws, and what they are called does not change the reality.

The Export-Import Bank, as explained in House vote 16, is a poster boy for corporate cronyism. The government finances or insures foreign purchases from U.S. companies that commercial banks are unwilling or unable to finance owing to the political or commercial risks inherent in the deals, leaving taxpayers on the hook in the event of default.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to interject itself into the education sector, and Common Core is intended to create a national curriculum leading to nationalized education.

TPA would facilitate the subordination of the national independence of the United States to regional blocs of nations in a process that is leading toward a world government.

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to interfere in healthcare, let alone ration it by deciding who should and should not receive medical care.

TPA would facilitate the subordination of the national independence of the United States to regional blocs of nations in a process that is leading toward a world government.

Any form of torture is a violation of a person's God-given rights, regardless of whether or not the person is a U.S. citizen. In fact, the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits "cruel and unusual punishment." The U.S. government is not above the rule of law, and any government agency or agent must be held accountable to a standard that respects human rights and dignity.

The House held separate roll call votes on the Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) sections of H.R. 1314.

The federal government has no constitutional authority risking taxpayers' money to provide loans and terms that the private sector considers too risky to provide. Indeed, U.S. government-backed export financing is a form of corporate welfare, and if the Ex-Im Bank went bust (as happened to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae), the taxpayers would have been stuck holding the bag. The bank's charter was not reauthorized, and it expired on June 30, 2015.

Federal jobs programs are unconstitutional. Moreover, it makes no sense to claim that the federal government must cough up federal funds to help workers who will lose their jobs to supposedly jobs-creating trade agreements.

Renews the on-again-off-again "fast track authority" that Congress has often awarded to the president over the past several decades.

The constitutionally dubious premise of federal regulation of "navigable waters" on the basis of the interstate commerce clause should not encompass puddles, ditches, seasonal streams, and isolated ponds on private lands.

This bill would further empower the unconstitutional Department of Homeland Security, erode the privacy protections enshrined in the Constitution, and gradually move the United States closer to becoming a police state.

Lynch is supportive of blatantly unconstitutional actions on the part of the executive branch.

The estate tax discourages upward mobility in America's middle class by making it prohibitively expensive to pass on a family business or farm to one's descendants. Even though proponents of the estate tax claim that its repeal would only benefit the super-rich at the expense of everyone else, the wealthy are often not adversely affected by the estate tax and can usually avoid it via accounting strategies and funneling money into tax-free foundations. In fact, in 2001 over 120 of America's wealthiest urged Congress not to repeal the estate tax.

No branch of government has been empowered by the Constitution to force Americans to buy health insurance.

This resolution steals wealth from some to give to others, cause an overabundance of workers in certain job fields (meaning grossly wasted funds), and expand unconstitutional federal involvement in education.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to interject itself in the education sector, and Common Core is intended to create a national curriculum leading to nationalizing education.

Authorizes $7.2 billion for Amtrak funding over the next four years.

Under the U.S. Constitution, "all legislative powers herein granted" are delegated to Congress, and it is the responsibility of the president to faithfully execute the law. The president is not a "king" or "dictator" who may make his own law.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to require individuals to purchase health insurance or to manage the healthcare industry.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to regulate industry practices or set drinking water standards. These standards are monitored and enforced by the Environmental Protection Agency, which is itself an unconstitutional agency created by executive order.

The president is not a "king" or "dictator" who may make his own law. Under the U.S. Constitution, "all legislative powers herein granted" are delegated to Congress, and it is the responsibility of the president to faithfully execute the law.

Would allow electronic surveillance of communications with suspected terrorists without first obtaining approval from the secret FISA Court.

Would prohibit the confiscation of firearms in the wake of a natural disaster.

Would prohibit any Homeland Security funds from being used to seize lawfully owned firearms during a state of emergency.

Would require a complete withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq by July 2007.

Would increase the national debt limit to $8.97 trillion.

Would reauthorize the unconstitutional and so-called Patriot Act.

To "eliminate the ability of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board to borrow from the Treasury."

To repeal the rule prohibiting U.S. foreign aid from going to organizations that provide or promote abortions.

Would protect marriage from judicial activism by restricting the federal courts as opposed to amending the Constitution.

Would require special elections to be held within 45 days to fill vacant House seats in the extraordinary circumstance of more than 100 vacancies.

Would establish broad spending and revenue targets over the next five years, for a total budget of $2.4 trillion.

Would establish broad spending and revenue targets over the next five years, for a total budget of $2.4 trillion.

Would provide for a 10-year reauthorization of the so-called assault weapons ban.

Would create a prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients.

Would create a prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients.

Would require each federal agency or department engaged in data mining to submit a public report to Congress.

Would ban partial-birth abortions.

Would prohibit funding for any U.S. contribution to the United Nations or any UN-affiliated agency.

Declares that the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade secures an "important constitutional right" and "should not be overturned."

Authorizes the use of U.S. military force against Iraq, including to enforce any related UN Security Council resolutions.

Authorizes the use of U.S. military force against Iraq, including to enforce any related UN Security Council resolutions.

Would ban one type of abortion, known as partial-birth abortion.

Would increase the public debt limit by $450 billion for a new ceiling of $6.4 trillion.

Would increase the public debt limit by $450 billion for a new ceiling of $6.4 trillion.

Would allow certain illegal immigrants to remain in this country while applying for legal residency.

Would, as the "No Child Left Behind Act," overhaul education proposals to increase school accountability and reauthorize the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) for six years.

Would, as the "No Child Left Behind Act," overhaul education proposals to increase school accountability and reauthorize the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) for six years.

Would create the "USA Patriot Act," giving law enforcement and intelligence agencies vast new powers to combat terrorism.

Would create the "USA Patriot Act," giving law enforcement and intelligence agencies vast new powers to combat terrorism.

To make available $15 million for "gun buyback initiatives."

Would adopt a constitutional amendment to give Congress "power to set reasonable limits" on federal campaign contributions and expenditures.

Would prohibit the FDA from using funds to test or approve for use the abortion pill RU-486, also known as mifepristone.

To add "gender," "sexual orientation" and "disability" to the list of federally designated victim groups protected under "Hate Crimes" law.

Would abolish the tax code, excepting Social Security and Medicare provisions, by December 31, 2004.

Would provide $385 billion to provide five regular annual appropriations bills (District of Columbia, Labor/HHS/Education, Foreign Operations, Commerce/Justice/State/Judiciary, and Interior)

Would provide $385 billion to provide five regular annual appropriations bills (District of Columbia, Labor/HHS/Education, Foreign Operations, Commerce/Justice/State/Judiciary, and Interior)

Declares that "Roe v. Wade was an appropriate decision," that giving mothers the ability to kill their babies in utero "secures an important constitutional right," and that Roe "should not be overturned."

Would ban the testing of nuclear weapons by the United States.

Would clamp down on gun sales at gun shows.

Would allow the several States to decide whether or not to display the Ten Commandments on or within publicly owned property.

Would authorize $1.5 billion a year through fiscal 2005 for community policing programs.

Would provide for "gun law enforcement, enhanced penalties, and facilitation of background checks at gun shows."

Would authorize the President to "deploy United States Armed Forces personnel to Kosovo as part of a NATO peacekeeping operation implementing a Kosovo peace agreement."