Hillary J. Scholten

HR 1069 China-funded Schools (Passed 247 to 164 on 12/4/2025, Roll Call 313). Prohibits federal education funds from being awarded to any elementary or secondary school that directly or indirectly receives support from the government of the People’s Republic of China. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

S J Res 80 Alaska Petroleum Reserve Rule (Passed 216 to 209 on 11/18/2025, Roll Call 296). Overturns a 2022 Bureau of Land Management rule for the 23-million-acre National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8 & Art. IV, Sec. 3.

HR 5125 Presidential Appointment Powers (Passed 218 to 211 on 9/17/2025, Roll Call 274). Abolishes the District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission, allows the U.S. president to nominate D.C. judges without its involvement, and transfers authority to appoint chief judges from the commission to the president. See U.S. Const., Art. II, Sec. 2.

Representative Rich McCormick’s (R-Ga.) amendment to HR 3838 Free Speech (Passed 219 to 211 on 9/10/2025, Roll Call 258). Prohibits the Defense Department from, in its military recruitment advertising, entering into contracts with “fact-checking” entities. See U.S. Const., amend 1.

Representative Nancy Mace’s (R-S.C.) amendment to HR 3838 Taxpayer-funded Sex Changes (Passed 221 to 207 on 9/10/2025, Roll Call 246). Prohibits the Department of Defense from covering or providing “gender-related medical treatment” under TRICARE. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Representative Scott Perry's (R-Pa.) amendment to HR 4553 Defund Renewable-energy Office (Rejected 127 to 297 on 9/4/2025, Roll Call 236). Strikes all funding for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene's (R-Ga.) amendment to HR 4016 Foreign Aid Programs (Rejected 63 to 365 on 7/18/2025, Roll Call 204). Eliminates $118 million for foreign-aid programs. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene's (R-Ga.) amendment to HR 4016 Ukraine Assistance (Rejected 76 to 353 on 7/18/2025, Roll Call 209). Eliminates foreign aid to Ukraine from the bill. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

S 1582 GENIUS Act (Passed 308 to 122 on 7/17/2025, Roll Call 200). Imposes new federal regulations on cryptocurrency stablecoins. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 1919 Central Bank Digital Currency (Passed 219 to 210 on 7/17/2025, Roll Call 201). Prohibits the Federal Reserve from issuing a CBDC. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8 & 10.

HR 4 Fiscal 2025 Rescissions (Passed 214 to 212 on 6/12/2025, Roll Call 168). Rescinds $9.4 billion in funding previously appropriated by Congress for fiscal 2025. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 2056 Washington, D.C., “Sanctuary City” Law (Passed 224 to 194 on 6/12/2025, Roll Call 171). Prohibits the District of Columbia from limiting its cooperation with federal immigration enforcement. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 1263 Quad Countries (Passed 334 to 51 on 5/19/2025, Roll Call 132). Directs the U.S. secretary of state to deepen America's entanglement in the "Quad," including by creating a Quad Inter-Parliamentary Working Group.

HR 1402 Event-ticket Pricing (Passed 409 to 15 on 4/29/2025, Roll Call 107). Imposes federal regulations on ticket sellers. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 1534 Emissions Research (Passed 350 to 73 on 3/25/2025, Roll Call 74). Representative Brian Babin (R-Texas) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 1534, the "Innovative Mitigation Partnerships for Asphalt and Concrete Technologies (IMPACT) Act," which would authorize the Department of Energy to fund research and development partnerships focused on reducing greenhouse-gas emissions from asphalt and concrete production.

H J Res 35 EPA Emissions Rule (Passed 220 to 206 on 2/26/2025, Roll Call 52). Overturns an EPA rule that imposed annual fees on oil and gas facilities that emit methane above certain thresholds. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 26 Fracking (Passed 226 to 188 on 2/7/2025, Roll Call 35). Would prohibit the president from declaring a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing (fracking) unless authorized by an act of Congress.

HR 776 Conservation Programs (Passed 361 to 56 on 2/4/2025, Roll Call 29). Reauthorizes a federal conservation program (the Nutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003) through fiscal 2030. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 21 Medical Care for Abortion Survivors (Passed 217 to 204 on 1/23/2025, Roll Call 27). The U.S. Constitution does not grant a right to abortion. Abortion is not healthcare, it is the ending of innocent human life, and the Declaration of Independence affirms the right to life as a fundamental, God-given, and inherent right.

HR 28 Protecting Women's Sports (Passed 218 to 216 on 1/14/2025, Roll Call 12). The federal government should not use taxpayer money to facilitate biological males competing against real women and girls.

HR 10545 Continuing Appropriations (Passed 366 to 34 on 12/20/2024, Roll Call 230). Extends federal funding through March 14, 2025. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

S 3791 Conservation Programs (Passed 366 to 21 on 12/3/2024, Roll Call 479). Representative Bruce Westerman (R-Ark.) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass S. 3791, the "America's Conservation Enhancement Reauthorization Act of 2024," which would reauthorize multiple conservation and wildlife programs through fiscal 2030.

H J Res 165 Education Department Title IX Rule (Passed 210 to 205 on 7/11/2024, Roll Call 230). Overturns Education Department rules that promoted far-left social policies at colleges and universities. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Rep. Greene's amendment to HR 8771 Defunding USAID (Rejected 81 to 331 on 6/27/2024, Roll Call 308). Prohibits funding in the bill from being used for USAID. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Rep. Tom Tiffany's (R-Wis.) amendment to HR 8771 Defunding the UN (Rejected 149 to 259 on 6/27/2024, Roll Call 320). Prohibits funding in the bill from going to the UN or its affiliate agencies. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 8752 Migrant Parole Program (Rejected 193 to 218 on 6/26/2024, Roll Call 288). During consideration of the fiscal 2025 homeland-security appropriations bill (H.R. 8752), Representative Glenn Grothman (R-Wis.) offered an amendment to prohibit funds in the bill from being used for the "Processes for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans" (CHNV) parole program that incentivizes illegal mass migration from those four countries.

Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene's (R-Ga.) amendment to HR 8070 Ukraine Assistance (Rejected 74 to 343 on 6/13/2024, Roll Call 261). Prohibits funds in the bill from going to Ukraine. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 8070 Abortion (Passed 214 to 207 on 6/13/2024, Roll Call 263). Representative Beth Van Duyne (R-Texas) offered an amendment to prohibit the secretary of defense from paying for or reimbursing expenses relating to abortion services.

Rep. Ralph Norman's amendment to HR 8070 DEI Elimination (Adopted 211 to 208 on 6/13/2024, Roll Call 267). Eliminates DEI offices and personnel from the Department of Defense.

HR 8070 Climate-change Executive Orders (Passed 215 to 210 on 6/12/2024, Roll Call 256). Representative Chip Roy (R-Texas) offered an amendment to prohibit funds authorized by this bill from being used to implement President Joe Biden's climate-change executive orders, which focused on tackling "climate change," promoting "clean energy," "conserving" natural resources, "improving" refugee programs, boosting domestic semiconductor production, and ensuring "environmental justice" for "underserved communities."

HR 5403 Central Bank Digital Currency (Passed 216 to 192 on 5/23/2024, Roll Call 230). Prohibits the Federal Reserve from issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) without congressional authorization. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

S 546 Federal Police Grants (Passed 370 to 18 on 5/14/2024, Roll Call 196). Representative Wesley Hunt (R-Texas) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass S. 546, the "Recruit and Retain Act," which expands the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) federal grant program intended to support the recruitment efforts of law-enforcement agencies, including local police, throughout the country.

HR 4824 Carbon Sequestration (Passed 364 to 44 on 4/30/2024, Roll Call 156). Expands the Department of Energy’s carbon-storage program to include carbon-sequestration projects. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 8035 Ukraine Aid (Passed 311 to 112 on 4/20/2024, Roll Call 151). Provides $60.8 billion for security assistance to Ukraine and replenishing stockpiles of military equipment already provided to Ukraine. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 7888 FISA Reauthorization (Passed 273 to 147 on 4/12/2024, Roll Call 119). Would reauthorize for two years, until 2026, Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which governs electronic surveillance of foreign terrorism suspects.

We oppose this bill because of the many unconstitutional agencies and programs that it would fund, because it funds our further entanglement in the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas conflicts without a congressional declaration of war, and because this reckless spending is yielding record increases in the national debt.

HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations (Passed 339 to 85 on 3/6/2024, Roll Call 64). Appropriates $467.5 billion in federal funding for fiscal 2024. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Secretary Mayorkas deserves impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold office in the future. He has failed to uphold his duty to support and defend the U.S. Constitution by repeatedly violating laws enacted by Congress regarding immigration and border security. His unlawful conduct has allowed illicit drugs and millions of illegal aliens to enter and remain in the United States annually by means of insecure borders. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization,” as well as to call forth “the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions,” and Article II, Section 4 provides that “all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of … high Crimes and Misdemeanors.”

Rep. Mary Miller's (R-Ill.) amendment to HR 5894 Defunding OSHA (Rejected 131 to 300 on 11/14/2023, Roll Call 648). Defunds the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Rep. Diana Harshbarger's (R-Tenn.) amendment to HR 4664 IRS Firearms and Ammunition (Rejected 187 to 238 on 11/8/2023, Roll Call 625). Strikes all funding for firearms and ammunition for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). See U.S. Const., amend 10.

Rep. Thomas Massie's (R-Ky.) amendment to HR 4820 Defunding “Kill-switch” Mandate (Rejected 201 to 229 on 11/7/2023, Roll Call 616). Defunds the federal “kill-switch” surveillance mandate for all new passenger vehicles. See U.S. Const., amends. 4 & 5.

Although the Founding Fathers did not envision the federal government indefinitely “owning” 30 percent of the land area of the states as it now does, they did grant Congress, not the president, the “Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States” (Article IV, Section 3 of the Constitution). As to whether the federal government has the right to ownership and control of a large percentage of the land area of the states for an indefinite period of time, here’s Founding Father Thomas Jefferson’s answer in his Kentucky Resolutions of 1798: “The several states composing the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their General Government; but that by compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States and of amendments thereto, they constituted a General Government for special purposes, delegated to that Government certain definite powers, reserving each state to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self Government; and that whensoever the General Government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force.”

HR 5860 Continuing Resolution (Passed 335 to 91 on 9/30/2023, Roll Call 513). Appropriates federal government funding at bloated fiscal 2023 levels from October 1, 2023 through November 17, 2023. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Rep. Scott Perry's (R-Pa.) amendment to HR 4665 Migration and Refugee Assistance (Rejected 121 to 311 on 9/28/2023, Roll Call 469). Eliminates all $2,548,250,000 of funding for the State Department’s Migration and Refugee Assistance program.

Nowhere in the Constitution is Congress authorized to allocate federal funding to international organizations such as UNESCO. Such organizations threaten U.S. sovereignty and constitutionally protected freedoms, and the United States has no business being involved in them.

The federal government has no authority under the Constitution to regulate agriculture. Furthermore, Hageman’s amendment would push back against the United Nations’ Agenda 2030, which is inherently contrary to the Constitution. Congress should eliminate all federal involvement in agriculture.

HR 3935 FAA Reauthorization (Passed 351 to 69 on 7/20/2023, Roll Call 364). Reauthorizes the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) through fiscal year 2028, and increases funding to the agency. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Rep. Mary Miller's (R-Ill.) amendment to HR 3935 DEI Funding (Rejected 181 to 254 on 7/19/2023, Roll Call 353). Prevents funds from being used to hire DEI officials or conduct DEI training. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

The right to life is the most fundamental, God-given, and unalienable right asserted in the Declaration of Independence and guaranteed by the Fifth and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

Rep. Matt Gaetz's (R-Fla.) amendment to HR 2670 Ukraine (Rejected 70 to 358 on 7/13/2023, Roll Call 304). Prohibits the use of federal funds to provide security assistance to Ukraine. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 3746 Bipartisan Debt-limit Deal (Passed 314 to 117 on 5/31/2023, Roll Call 243). Suspends the debt limit through January 1, 2025 and create caps on “discretionary” spending for fiscal years 2024 and 2025, among many other dubious changes. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

Section 115 of the Clean Air Act has for decades served to disguise the federal government’s unconstitutional seizure of control over the domestic energy sector — a plan designed to not only erode state sovereignty, but implement United Nations-led global “climate change” policy. The 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution clearly reserves any such regulatory powers to the “States respectively, or to the people,” as opposed to unelected, unaccountable foreign bureaucrats.

Rep. Thomas Massie's (R-Ky.) amendment to HR 5 Terminating Department of Education (Rejected 161 to 265 on 3/24/2023, Roll Call 156). Expresses the sense of Congress that the Department of Education should be terminated. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

HR 406 ASEAN Relations (Passed 388 to 33 on 3/23/2023, Roll Call 148). Formally recognizes ASEAN as an international organization, with the same diplomatic privileges enjoyed by other foreign embassies.

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the latest Biden administration rule were allowed to stand, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any body of water, no matter how small.

H Con Res 21 U.S. Military in Syria (Rejected 103 to 321 on 3/8/2023, Roll Call 136). Directs the president to remove U.S. armed forces from Syria within 180 days of the adoption of the resolution. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

H J Res 30 ESG Fiduciary Rule (Passed 216 to 204 on 2/28/2023, Roll Call 124). Overturns the Labor Department's rule allowing retirement-plan fiduciaries to use ESG. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8.

The right to vote and choose representatives in America is retained solely by citizens of the United States, who, owing true faith and allegiance to the Constitution, are not subject to any foreign power. According to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 17 of the Constitution, Congress is granted the authority to “exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever” involving Washington, D.C.

It is unconstitutional to suspend the Constitution by declaring national public-health emergencies.

HR 497 Forced Vaccinations (Passed 227 to 203 on 1/31/2022, Roll Call 98). Eliminates the Health and Human Services (HHS) Covid-19 vaccine mandate on healthcare providers furnishing items and services in Medicare- and Medicaid-certified facilities. See U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 1.