Congressional Votes

During consideration of the fiscal 2026 National Defense Authorization Act (S. 2296), Senator Rand Paul (R-Ky.) offered an amendment to prohibit any Federal Reserve bank from paying interest on reserve balances that are maintained at a Federal Reserve bank by or on behalf of a big bank or another depository institution. Of the need for his amendment, Paul explained, "The Federal Reserve pays both foreign and domestic banks to simply park their money in Fed accounts — in other words, to not loan money at all. Over the past 5 years, the Fed's big bank bailout amounts to over half a trillion dollars…. My amendment ends these subsidies."

The Senate rejected Paul's amendment on October 9, 2025 by a vote of 14 to 83 (Roll Call 562). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because the unconstitutional Federal Reserve should not bail out or subsidize banks at the expense of taxpayers.

H.R. 1919, the "Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act," would prohibit the Federal Reserve from issuing a central bank digital currency directly to individuals or through intermediaries, bar its use as a tool of monetary policy, and prevent the creation of a federally controlled digital-dollar system that could enable financial surveillance, transaction censorship, and centralized control over Americans' economic lives.

The House passed H.R. 1919 on July 17, 2025 by a vote of 219 to 210 (Roll Call 201). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because Article I, Sections 8 and 10 of the Constitution state that only Congress has the power to "coin Money," referring to precious metals such as gold and silver. The Federal Reserve's fiat system already departs from these limits, and a central bank digital currency would further erode liberty by enabling constant tracking of transactions and unprecedented government surveillance and control over Americans' financial lives.

S. 1582, the "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act," would regulate cryptocurrency stablecoins, digital assets used as a means of payment redeemable for a fixed amount of currency. It requires stablecoin issuers to apply to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to be a "permitted payment stablecoin issuer" and maintain 1:1 reserves in approved assets. Additionally, it empowers the Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and Department of the Treasury to oversee permitted stablecoin issuers.

The House passed S. 1582 on July 17, 2025 by a vote of 308 to 122 (Roll Call 200). We have assigned pluses to the nays because the GENIUS Act expands government surveillance and control over private financial activities, creating a backdoor to a central bank digital currency. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution does not permit Congress to regulate the financial sector, and the Fourth Amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and unwarranted government surveillance.

S. 1582, the "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act," would regulate cryptocurrency stablecoins, digital assets used as a means of payment redeemable for a fixed amount of currency. It requires stablecoin issuers to apply to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to be a "permitted payment stablecoin issuer" and maintain 1:1 reserves in approved assets. Additionally, it empowers the Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and Department of the Treasury to oversee permitted stablecoin issuers.

The Senate passed S. 1582 on June 17, 2025 by a vote of 68 to 30 (Roll Call 318). We have assigned pluses to the nays because the GENIUS Act expands government surveillance and control over private financial activities, creating a backdoor to a central bank digital currency. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution does not permit Congress to regulate the financial sector, and the Fourth Amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and unwarranted government surveillance.

H.R. 5403, the "CBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act," would prohibit the Federal Reserve from issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) without congressional authorization. It would bar the Fed from offering services directly to individuals or maintaining accounts on their behalf, including through intermediaries. These restrictions would not apply to digital currencies that are "open, permissionless, and private." The bill would also prohibit the Fed from testing a digital currency without congressional authorization.

The House passed H.R. 5403 on May 23, 2024 by a vote of 216 to 192 (Roll Call 230). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because Article I, Sections 8 and 10 of the Constitution state that only Congress has the power to "coin Money," referring to precious metals such as gold and silver. Not only do the Federal Reserve and fiat money violate these provisions, but a digital currency can be easily tracked, allowing the government to monitor all financial transactions.

During consideration of a continuing appropriations resolution (H.R. 7463), Senator Rand Paul (R-Ky.) offered an amendment to prohibit the Federal Reserve from creating an emergency lending program or facility that purchases or sells the debt of any state or municipality.

The Senate rejected Paul’s amendment on February 29, 2024 by a vote of 37 to 53 (Roll Call 63). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because this amendment would have been a step toward ultimately abolishing the unconstitutional Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve is the largest domestic holder of U.S. public debt, which has surpassed $36 trillion. It had already caused much damage to our nation’s economy, through its inflationary policies and issuance of fiat currency, prior to its announcement during Covid-19 that it would also be willing to buy or sell the debt of state and local governments. According to Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, only Congress has the power to “coin Money” and “regulate the Value thereof.” Moreover, Article I, Section 10 specifies that “No State” shall “make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts.”

During consideration of a consolidated appropriations minibus (H.R. 4366), Senator Rand Paul (R-Ky.) offered an amendment to require that the U.S. comptroller general conduct a full audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Reserve banks.

The Senate rejected Paul’s amendment on November 1, 2023 by a vote of 46 to 51 (Roll Call 280). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because the Federal Reserve System, essentially a cartel of private banks functioning as a central bank, is unconstitutional and responsible for many of the nation’s current financial problems via its control of money and credit. Auditing the Fed would shed light on its otherwise secretive practices, and perhaps lead to its eventual abolishment.

This bill (H.R. 10) would overhaul financial industry regulations and repeal many provisions of the 2010 Dodd-Frank law. Additionally, the bill would change the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau into an executive-branch agency funded by annual appropriations.

The House passed H.R. 10 on June 8, 2017 by a vote of 233 to 186 (Roll Call 299). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because regulation of the financial industry is not a responsibility, nor one of the enumerated powers, of the federal government. While allegedly put in place to protect consumers from irresponsible Wall Street tycoons and prevent a repeat of the 2008 financial crisis, Dodd-Frank has, in reality, negatively affected small community banks and credit unions with its heavy regulatory burden. While this bill does not represent a complete exit of the federal government from the financial industry, it is a step in the right direction.

This legislation (House Joint Resolution 47) would increase the national debt limit, also known as the federal debt limit, to $8.97 trillion, a $781 billion increase in what the federal government is allowed to borrow.

The Senate adopted the measure to increase the national debt limit on March 16, 2006 by a vote of 52-48 (Roll Call 54). We have assigned pluses to the nays because raising the public debt limit by $781 billion facilitates a steady increase of gross fiscal irresponsibility.

During consideration of a bill to overhaul the regulation of government-sponsored enterprises, Rep. Ron Paul (R-Texas) offered this amendment to "eliminate the ability of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board to borrow from the Treasury." During floor debate on his amendment, Paul stated, "I hope my colleagues join me in protecting taxpayers from having to bail out Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac when the housing bubble bursts."

The House rejected Paul's amendment on October 26, 2005 by a vote of 47-371 (Roll Call 544). We have assigned pluses to the yeas because Paul's amendment would (in Paul's words) seek to end a "massive unconstitutional and immoral" transfer of income from working Americans to government-sponsored enterprises.

This bill (S. 2578) would increase the public debt limit by $450 billion for a new ceiling of $6.4 trillion on the National Debt. The supposed need for increasing the debt ceiling by $450 billion demonstrates that the federal government is still on a trajectory of out-of-control spending. Instead of raising the legal limit on what the federal government may borrow, Congress should cut spending.

The House passed S. 2578 on June 27, 2002 by a vote of 215 to 214 (Roll Call 279). We have assigned pluses to the nays.

This bill (S. 2578) would increase the legal limit on the national debt by $450 billion, from $5.95 trillion to $6.4 trillion.

The Senate passed S. 2578 on June 11, 2002 by a vote of 68 to 29 (Roll Call 148). We have assigned pluses to the nays.