Freedom Index 119-1

Our first look at the 119th Congress shows how every member of the House and Senate voted on key issues such as federal spending, men in women’s sports, USAID funding (Senate only), and sanctuary cities (House only).

The scores are derived by dividing a congressman’s constitutional votes (pluses) by the total number he cast (pluses and minuses) and multiplying by 100. The average House score for this index is 36 percent (69 percent for the Republicans and two percent for the Democrats), and the average Senate score is 42 percent (79 percent for the Republicans and one percent for the Democrats). Fourteen representatives and three senators earned 100 percent. We encourage readers to examine how their own legislators voted on each of the 10 key measures. We also encourage readers to commend legislators for their constitutional votes, and to urge improvement where needed.

Share this Freedom Index in your district to inform people about the constitutionality of their elected officials' votes.

House Votes

1. Protecting Women’s Sports

The federal government should not use taxpayer money to facilitate biological males competing against real women and girls.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 28 Roll Call 12

2. Medical Care for Abortion Survivors

The U.S. Constitution does not grant a right to abortion. Abortion is not healthcare, it is the ending of innocent human life, and the Declaration of Independence affirms the right to life as a fundamental, God-given, and inherent right.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 21 Roll Call 27

3. Conservation Programs

Reauthorizes a federal conservation program (the Nutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003) through fiscal 2030.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$0.45/year
H.R. 26 Roll Call 29 See Article I Section 8

4. Fracking

Would prohibit the president from declaring a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing (fracking) unless authorized by an act of Congress.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 26 Roll Call 35

5. EPA Emissions Rule

Overturns an EPA rule that imposed annual fees on oil and gas facilities that emit methane above certain thresholds.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes Benefit per household: +$0.05/year
H. J. Res. 35 Roll Call 52 See Article I Section 8

6. Emissions Research

Representative Brian Babin (R-Texas) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 1534, the "Innovative Mitigation Partnerships for Asphalt and Concrete Technologies (IMPACT) Act," which would authorize the Department of Energy to fund research and development partnerships focused on reducing greenhouse-gas emissions from asphalt and concrete production.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 1534 Roll Call 74

7. Event-ticket Pricing

Imposes federal regulations on ticket sellers.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$0.03/year
H.R. 1402 Roll Call 107 See Article I Section 8

8. Quad Countries

Directs the U.S. secretary of state to deepen America's entanglement in the "Quad," including by creating a Quad Inter-Parliamentary Working Group.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 1263 Roll Call 132

9. Fiscal 2025 Rescissions

Rescinds $9.4 billion in funding previously appropriated by Congress for fiscal 2025.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes Benefit per household: +$71.00/year
H.R. 4 Roll Call 168 See Article I Section 8

10. Washington, D.C., “Sanctuary City” Law

Prohibits the District of Columbia from limiting its cooperation with federal immigration enforcement.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 2056 Roll Call 171 See Article I Section 8

How did they vote?

Legend: Constitutional Unconstitutional Did not vote
Name Party State Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Alma S. Adams D NC 0%
Robert Aderholt R AL 60%
Pete Aguilar D CA 0%
Mark Alford R MO 60%
Rick W. Allen R GA 60%
Gabe Amo D RI 0%
Mark E. Amodei R NV 50%
Yassamin Ansari D AZ 0%
Jodey Cook Arrington R TX 70%
Jake Auchincloss D MA 0%
Brian Babin R TX 70%
Don Bacon R NE 60%
James R. Baird R IN 60%
Troy Balderson R OH 60%
Becca Balint D VT 0%
Andy Barr R KY 60%
Nanette Diaz Barragan D CA 0%
Tom Barrett R MI 60%
Michael Baumgartner R WA 60%
Aaron Bean R FL 90%
Joyce Beatty D OH 0%
Nick Begich III R AK 80%
Wesley Bell D MO 0%
Cliff B. Bentz R OR 60%
Ami Bera D CA 0%
Jack Bergman R MI 56%
Don S. Beyer D VA 0%
Stephanie Bice R OK 67%
Andy Biggs R AZ 100%
Sheri Biggs R SC 100%
Gus M. Bilirakis R FL 67%
Sanford D. Bishop D GA 10%
Lauren Boebert R CO 90%
Suzanne Bonamici D OR 0%
Mike Bost R IL 60%
Brendan F. Boyle D PA 0%
Josh Brecheen R OK 100%
Rob Bresnahan R PA 60%
Shontel Brown D OH 0%
Julia Brownley D CA 0%
Vern Buchanan R FL 63%
Nikki Budzinski D IL 0%
Tim Burchett R TN 90%
Eric Burlison R MO 100%
Janelle S. Bynum D OR 0%
Ken Calvert R CA 60%
Kat Cammack R FL 80%
Salud O. Carbajal D CA 0%
Mike Carey R OH 60%
Andre Carson D IN 0%
Earl L. Carter R GA 60%
John R. Carter R TX 60%
Troy Carter D LA 0%
Greg Casar D TX 0%
Ed Case D HI 10%
Sean Casten D IL 0%
Kathy Castor D FL 0%
Joaquin Castro D TX 0%
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick D FL 0%
Judy Chu D CA 0%
Juan Ciscomani R AZ 56%
Gil Cisneros D CA 0%
Katherine M. Clark D MA 0%
Yvette D. Clarke D NY 0%
Emanuel Cleaver D MO 0%
Ben L. Cline R VA 90%
Michael Cloud R TX 90%
James E. Clyburn D SC 0%
Andrew Clyde R GA 100%
Steve Cohen D TN 0%
Tom Cole R OK 60%
Mike Collins R GA 80%
James Comer R KY 67%
Herbert C. Conaway D NJ 0%
Gerry Connolly D VA 0%
Luis Correa D CA 14%
Jim Costa D CA 10%
Joe Courtney D CT 0%
Angela Dawn Craig D MN 0%
Eli Crane R AZ 100%
Jeff Crank R CO 80%
Eric A. Crawford R AR 60%
Dan Crenshaw R TX 60%
Jasmine Crockett D TX 0%
Jason Crow D CO 0%
Henry Cuellar D TX 50%
Sharice Davids D KS 0%
Warren Davidson R OH 80%
Danny K. Davis D IL 0%
Don Davis D NC 11%
Monica De La Cruz R TX 67%
Madeleine Dean D PA 0%
Diana DeGette D CO 0%
Rosa L. DeLauro D CT 0%
Suzan DelBene D WA 0%
Chris Deluzio D PA 0%
Mark DeSaulnier D CA 0%
Scott DesJarlais R TN 67%
Maxine Dexter D OR 0%
Mario Diaz-Balart R FL 60%
Debbie Dingell D MI 0%
Lloyd Doggett D TX 0%
Byron Donalds R FL 80%
Troy Downing R MT 90%
Neal P. Dunn R FL 56%
Charles Edwards R NC 70%
Sarah Elfreth D MD 0%
John K. Ellzey R TX 60%
Tom Emmer R MN 60%
Veronica Escobar D TX 0%
Adriano Espaillat D NY 0%
Ron Estes R KS 80%
Dwight Evans D PA 0%
Gabe Evans R CO 60%
Mike Ezell R MS 78%
Patrick Fallon R TX 80%
Julie Fedorchak R ND 70%
Randy L. Feenstra R IA 60%
Teresa Leger Fernandez D NM 0%
Cleo Fields D LA 0%
Shomari Figures D AL 0%
Randy Fine R FL 75%
Brad Finstad R MN 63%
Michelle Fischbach R MN 78%
Scott L. Fitzgerald R WI 67%
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R PA 40%
Charles J. Fleischmann R TN 60%
Elizabeth Pannill Fletcher D TX 10%
Mike Flood R NE 60%
Vince Fong R CA 67%
Bill Foster D IL 0%
Valerie Foushee D NC 0%
Virginia Foxx R NC 80%
Lois Frankel D FL 0%
Scott Franklin R FL 78%
Laura Friedman D CA 0%
Maxwell Alejandro Frost D FL 0%
Russell Fry R SC 100%
Russ Fulcher R ID 80%
John Garamendi D CA 0%
Andrew R. Garbarino R NY 67%
Jesus Garcia D IL 0%
Robert Garcia D CA 0%
Sylvia Garcia D TX 0%
Brandon Gill R TX 90%
Laura Gillen D NY 10%
Carlos Gimenez R FL 60%
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D WA 30%
Jared Golden D ME 30%
Craig A. Goldman R TX 90%
Dan Goldman D NY 0%
Jimmy Gomez D CA 0%
Tony Gonzales R TX 60%
Vicente Gonzalez D TX 50%
Lance Gooden R TX 80%
Maggie Goodlander D NH 0%
Paul A. Gosar R AZ 100%
Josh Gottheimer D NJ 0%
Sam Graves R MO 67%
Adam Gray D CA 30%
Al Green D TX 0%
Mark Green R TN 70%
Marjorie Taylor Greene R GA 90%
H. Morgan Griffith R VA 70%
Glenn Grothman R WI 56%
Michael Guest R MS 70%
Brett Guthrie R KY 60%
Harriet M. Hageman R WY 90%
Abraham J. Hamadeh R AZ 80%
Josh Harder D CA 0%
Mike Haridopolos R FL 70%
Pat Harrigan R NC 90%
Andy Harris R MD 80%
Mark Harris R NC 90%
Diana Harshbarger R TN 89%
Jahana Hayes D CT 0%
Kevin Hern R OK 60%
Clay Higgins R LA 89%
French Hill R AR 67%
James A. Himes D CT 0%
Ashley E. Hinson R IA 60%
Steven A. Horsford D NV 0%
Erin Houchin R IN 60%
Chrissy Houlahan D PA 11%
Steny H. Hoyer D MD 0%
Val T. Hoyle D OR 0%
Richard Hudson R NC 60%
Jared Huffman D CA 0%
Bill Huizenga R MI 60%
Wesley Hunt R TX 75%
Jeff Hurd R CO 67%
Darrell E. Issa R CA 60%
Glenn Ivey D MD 0%
Brian Jack R GA 70%
Jonathan L. Jackson D IL 0%
Ronny Jackson R TX 80%
Sara J. Jacobs D CA 0%
John James R MI 60%
Pramila Jayapal D WA 0%
Hakeem S. Jeffries D NY 0%
Dusty Johnson R SD 60%
Henry C. Johnson D GA 0%
Julie Johnson D TX 10%
Mike Johnson R LA 67%
Jim Jordan R OH 70%
David Joyce R OH 60%
John Joyce R PA 70%
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D CA 0%
Marcy Kaptur D OH 10%
Thomas Kean R NJ 60%
William R. Keating D MA 0%
Mike Kelly R PA 67%
Robin Kelly D IL 0%
Trent Kelly R MS 60%
Mike Kennedy R UT 90%
Timothy M. Kennedy D NY 0%
Ro Khanna D CA 0%
Jennifer Kiggans R VA 67%
Kevin Kiley R CA 60%
Young Kim R CA 60%
Brad Knott R NC 90%
Raja Krishnamoorthi D IL 0%
David Kustoff R TN 60%
Darin LaHood R IL 60%
Nick LaLota R NY 60%
Doug LaMalfa R CA 60%
Greg Landsman D OH 10%
Nicholas A. Langworthy R NY 60%
Rick Larsen D WA 0%
John B. Larson D CT 0%
George Latimer D NY 0%
Robert E. Latta R OH 60%
Michael Lawler R NY 60%
Laurel M. Lee R FL 50%
Summer L. Lee D PA 0%
Suzanne Kelley Lee D NV 0%
Julia Janelle Letlow R LA 78%
Mike Levin D CA 0%
Sam T. Liccardo D CA 0%
Ted Lieu D CA 0%
Zoe Lofgren D CA 0%
Barry Loudermilk R GA 60%
Frank D. Lucas R OK 60%
Anna Paulina Luna R FL 75%
Morgan Luttrell R TX 80%
Stephen F. Lynch D MA 0%
Nancy Mace R SC 60%
Ryan Mackenzie R PA 60%
Seth Magaziner D RI 0%
Nicole Malliotakis R NY 56%
Celeste Maloy R UT 70%
Tracey Mann R KS 70%
John W. Mannion D NY 0%
Thomas Massie R KY 100%
Brian J. Mast R FL 67%
Doris O. Matsui D CA 0%
Lucy McBath D GA 0%
Sarah McBride D DE 0%
Michael T. McCaul R TX 75%
Lisa McClain R MI 56%
April McClain-Delaney D MD 0%
Jennifer McClellan D VA 0%
Tom McClintock R CA 90%
Betty McCollum D MN 0%
Rich McCormick R GA 80%
Addison P. McDowell R NC 60%
Morgan McGarvey D KY 0%
James P. McGovern D MA 0%
John J. McGuire R VA 90%
LaMonica McIver D NJ 0%
Gregory W. Meeks D NY 0%
Rob Menendez D NJ 0%
Grace Meng D NY 0%
Mark B. Messmer R IN 60%
Dan Meuser R PA 67%
Kweisi Mfume D MD 0%
Carol D. Miller R WV 67%
Mary Miller R IL 90%
Max L. Miller R OH 60%
Mariannette J. Miller-Meeks R IA 67%
Cory Mills R FL 70%
Dave Min D CA 0%
John R. Moolenaar R MI 60%
Blake David Moore R UT 60%
Felix Barry Moore R AL 90%
Gwen Moore D WI 0%
Riley Moore R WV 90%
Tim Moore R NC 60%
Nathaniel Moran R TX 60%
Joseph D. Morelle D NY 0%
Kelly Morrison D MN 0%
Jared Moskowitz D FL 0%
Seth Moulton D MA 0%
Frank J. Mrvan D IN 0%
Kevin Mullin D CA 0%
Gregory Francis Murphy R NC 60%
Jerry Nadler D NY 0%
Richard E. Neal D MA 0%
Joseph Neguse D CO 0%
Troy Nehls R TX 86%
Dan Newhouse R WA 60%
Donald Norcross D NJ 0%
Ralph W. Norman R SC 100%
Zach Nunn R IA 67%
Jay P. Obernolte R CA 60%
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D NY 0%
Andrew Ogles R TN 89%
Johnny Olszewski D MD 0%
Ilhan Omar D MN 0%
Bob Onder R MO 70%
Burgess Owens R UT 70%
Frank Pallone D NJ 0%
Gary J. Palmer R AL 70%
Jimmy Panetta D CA 0%
Christopher C. Pappas D NH 0%
Jimmy Patronis R FL 75%
Nancy Pelosi D CA 0%
Scott Perry R PA 90%
Scott H. Peters D CA 0%
Brittany Pettersen D CO 0%
August Lee Pfluger R TX 60%
Chellie Pingree D ME 0%
Mark Pocan D WI 0%
Nellie Pou D NJ 0%
Ayanna S. Pressley D MA 0%
Mike Quigley D IL 0%
Delia Ramirez D IL 0%
Emily Randall D WA 0%
Jamie Raskin D MD 0%
Guy Reschenthaler R PA 60%
Josh Riley D NY 0%
Luz Maria Rivas D CA 0%
Kristen McDonald Rivet D MI 20%
Harold Rogers R KY 60%
Mike D. Rogers R AL 60%
John W. Rose R TN 63%
Deborah Ross D NC 0%
David Rouzer R NC 60%
Chip Roy R TX 100%
Raul Ruiz D CA 0%
Michael A. Rulli R OH 60%
John H. Rutherford R FL 60%
Pat Ryan D NY 0%
Maria Elvira Salazar R FL 56%
Andrea Salinas D OR 0%
Linda T. Sanchez D CA 0%
Steve Scalise R LA 67%
Mary Scanlon D PA 0%
Janice D. Schakowsky D IL 0%
Derek Schmidt R KS 70%
Bradley S. Schneider D IL 0%
Hillary J. Scholten D MI 0%
Kim Schrier D WA 0%
David Schweikert R AZ 60%
Austin Scott R GA 60%
David Scott D GA 0%
Robert C. Scott D VA 0%
Keith Self R TX 100%
Pete Sessions R TX 60%
Terri A. Sewell D AL 0%
Brad Sherman D CA 0%
Rebecca Michelle Sherrill D NJ 0%
Jefferson Shreve R IN 60%
Lateefah Simon D CA 0%
Michael K. Simpson R ID 63%
Adam Smith D WA 0%
Adrian Smith R NE 67%
Christopher H. Smith R NJ 60%
Jason T. Smith R MO 60%
Lloyd Smucker R PA 60%
Eric Sorensen D IL 0%
Darren Soto D FL 0%
Victoria K. Spartz R IN 89%
Melanie Ann Stansbury D NM 0%
Greg Stanton D AZ 0%
Pete Stauber R MN 70%
Elise Stefanik R NY 50%
Bryan Steil R WI 70%
Greg Steube R FL 100%
Haley Stevens D MI 0%
Marilyn Strickland D WA 0%
Dale W. Strong R AL 60%
Marlin A. Stutzman R IN 70%
Suhas Subramanyam D VA 0%
Thomas R. Suozzi D NY 10%
Eric Swalwell D CA 0%
Emilia Strong Sykes D OH 0%
Mark Takano D CA 0%
David Taylor R OH 60%
Claudia Tenney R NY 60%
Shri Thanedar D MI 0%
Bennie G. Thompson D MS 0%
Glenn Thompson R PA 60%
Mike Thompson D CA 0%
Tom Tiffany R WI 100%
William R. Timmons R SC 70%
Dina Titus D NV 0%
Rashida Tlaib D MI 10%
Jill N. Tokuda D HI 0%
Paul D. Tonko D NY 0%
Norma J. Torres D CA 0%
Ritchie John Torres D NY 0%
Lori Trahan D MA 0%
Derek Tran D CA 0%
Michael R. Turner R OH 56%
Sylvester Turner D TX 20%
Lauren A. Underwood D IL 0%
David G. Valadao R CA 60%
Jeff Van Drew R NJ 60%
Elizabeth Ann Van Duyne R TX 70%
Derrick Van Orden R WI 60%
Juan Vargas D CA 0%
Gabe Vasquez D NM 11%
Marc A. Veasey D TX 10%
Nydia M. Velazquez D NY 0%
Eugene Simon Vindman D VA 0%
Ann Wagner R MO 67%
Tim Walberg R MI 60%
Mike Waltz R FL N/A
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D FL 0%
Maxine Waters D CA 0%
Bonnie Watson Coleman D NJ 0%
Randy K. Weber R TX 60%
Daniel Webster R FL 60%
Bruce Westerman R AR 60%
George Whitesides D CA 13%
Tony Wied R WI 60%
Nikema Williams D GA 0%
Roger Williams R TX 56%
Frederica S. Wilson D FL 0%
Joe Wilson R SC 67%
Robert J. Wittman R VA 70%
Steve Womack R AR 60%
Rudolph Yakym R IN 60%
Ryan Zinke R MT 70%

Average Freedom Score by Party

PartyScore
Democrat1.9%
Republican69.6%
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