Freedom Index 118-3

Our third look at the 118th Congress shows how every member of the House and Senate voted on key issues such as federal spending, foreign aid, banning a central bank digital currency (House only), and prohibiting government censorship (Senate only).

The scores are derived by dividing a congressman’s constitutional votes (pluses) by the total number he cast (pluses and minuses) and multiplying by 100. The average House score for this index is 31 percent (56 percent for the Republicans and five percent for the Democrats), and the average Senate score is 32 percent (59 percent for the Republicans and seven percent for the Democrats). Thirteen representatives and five senators earned 100 percent. We encourage readers to examine how their own legislators voted on each of the 10 key measures. We also encourage readers to commend legislators for their constitutional votes, and to urge improvement where needed.

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House Votes

21. IRS Firearms and Ammunition

Strikes all funding for firearms and ammunition for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 4664 Roll Call 625 See 10th Amendment

22. Defunding OSHA

Defunds the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes Benefit per household: +$4.08/year
H.R. 5894 Roll Call 648 See Article I Section 8

23. Mayorkas Impeachment

Secretary Mayorkas deserves impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold office in the future. He has failed to uphold his duty to support and defend the U.S. Constitution by repeatedly violating laws enacted by Congress regarding immigration and border security. His unlawful conduct has allowed illicit drugs and millions of illegal aliens to enter and remain in the United States annually by means of insecure borders. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization," as well as to call forth "the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions," and Article II, Section 4 provides that "all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of … high Crimes and Misdemeanors."
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.Res. 863 Roll Call 43

24. Consolidated Appropriations

Appropriates $467.5 billion in federal funding for fiscal 2024.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$3,557.00/year
H.R. 4366 Roll Call 64 See Article I Section 8

25. Consolidated Appropriations

We oppose this bill because of the many unconstitutional agencies and programs that it would fund, because it funds our further entanglement in the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas conflicts without a congressional declaration of war, and because this reckless spending is yielding record increases in the national debt.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 2882 Roll Call 102

26. FISA Reauthorization

Would reauthorize for two years, until 2026, Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which governs electronic surveillance of foreign terrorism suspects.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 7888 Roll Call 119

27. Ukraine Aid

Provides $60.8 billion for security assistance to Ukraine and replenishing stockpiles of military equipment already provided to Ukraine.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$463.00/year
H.R. 8035 Roll Call 151 See Article I Section 8

28. Carbon Sequestration

Expands the Department of Energy's carbon-storage program to include carbon-sequestration projects.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$0.24/year
H.R. 4824 Roll Call 156 See Article I Section 8

29. Federal Police Grants

Representative Wesley Hunt (R-Texas) made a motion to suspend the rules and pass S. 546, the "Recruit and Retain Act," which expands the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) federal grant program intended to support the recruitment efforts of law-enforcement agencies, including local police, throughout the country.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
S. 546 Roll Call 196

30. Central Bank Digital Currency

Prohibits the Federal Reserve from issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) without congressional authorization.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 5403 Roll Call 230 See Article I Section 8

How did they vote?

Legend: Constitutional Unconstitutional Did not vote
Name Party State Score 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Alma S. Adams D NC 0%
Robert Aderholt R AL 44%
Pete Aguilar D CA 0%
Mark Alford R MO 80%
Rick W. Allen R GA 70%
Colin Allred D TX 0%
Gabe Amo D RI 0%
Mark E. Amodei R NV 40%
Kelly Armstrong R ND 75%
Jodey Cook Arrington R TX 67%
Jake Auchincloss D MA 0%
Brian Babin R TX 67%
Don Bacon R NE 30%
James R. Baird R IN 50%
Troy Balderson R OH 50%
Becca Balint D VT 20%
Jim Banks R IN 80%
Andy Barr R KY 30%
Nanette Diaz Barragan D CA 0%
Aaron Bean R FL 90%
Joyce Beatty D OH 11%
Cliff B. Bentz R OR 40%
Ami Bera D CA 0%
Jack Bergman R MI 60%
Don S. Beyer D VA 0%
Stephanie Bice R OK 20%
Andy Biggs R AZ 90%
Gus M. Bilirakis R FL 80%
Dan Bishop R NC 75%
Sanford D. Bishop D GA 0%
Earl Blumenauer D OR 13%
Lauren Boebert R CO 89%
Suzanne Bonamici D OR 10%
Mike Bost R IL 80%
Jamaal Bowman D NY 20%
Brendan F. Boyle D PA 0%
Josh Brecheen R OK 100%
Shontel Brown D OH 10%
Julia Brownley D CA 0%
Vern Buchanan R FL 40%
Ken Buck R CO 50%
Larry Bucshon R IN 20%
Nikki Budzinski D IL 0%
Tim Burchett R TN 90%
Michael Burgess R TX 50%
Eric Burlison R MO 100%
Cori Bush D MO 20%
Ken Calvert R CA 20%
Kat Cammack R FL 90%
Yadira Caraveo D CO 0%
Salud O. Carbajal D CA 0%
Tony Cardenas D CA 11%
Mike Carey R OH 50%
Jerry L. Carl R AL 60%
Andre Carson D IN 10%
Earl L. Carter R GA 40%
John R. Carter R TX 30%
Troy Carter D LA 0%
Matthew Cartwright D PA 0%
Greg Casar D TX 22%
Ed Case D HI 0%
Sean Casten D IL 0%
Kathy Castor D FL 0%
Joaquin Castro D TX 20%
Lori Chavez-DeRemer R OR 30%
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick D FL 11%
Judy Chu D CA 11%
Juan Ciscomani R AZ 33%
Katherine M. Clark D MA 0%
Yvette D. Clarke D NY 10%
Emanuel Cleaver D MO 0%
Ben L. Cline R VA 90%
Michael Cloud R TX 90%
James E. Clyburn D SC 0%
Andrew Clyde R GA 100%
Steve Cohen D TN 0%
Tom Cole R OK 22%
Mike Collins R GA 90%
James Comer R KY 80%
Gerry Connolly D VA 0%
Luis Correa D CA 10%
Jim Costa D CA 0%
Joe Courtney D CT 0%
Angela Dawn Craig D MN 0%
Eli Crane R AZ 90%
Eric A. Crawford R AR 44%
Dan Crenshaw R TX 33%
Jasmine Crockett D TX 0%
Jason Crow D CO 0%
Henry Cuellar D TX 0%
John Curtis R UT 88%
Anthony D\'Esposito R NY 20%
Sharice Davids D KS 0%
Warren Davidson R OH 100%
Danny K. Davis D IL 10%
Don Davis D NC 0%
Monica De La Cruz R TX 40%
Madeleine Dean D PA 0%
Diana DeGette D CO 10%
Rosa L. DeLauro D CT 0%
Suzan DelBene D WA 10%
Chris Deluzio D PA 10%
Mark DeSaulnier D CA 10%
Scott DesJarlais R TN 80%
Mario Diaz-Balart R FL 25%
Debbie Dingell D MI 11%
Lloyd Doggett D TX 20%
Byron Donalds R FL 100%
John S. Duarte R CA 30%
Jeff Duncan R SC 90%
Neal P. Dunn R FL 40%
Charles Edwards R NC 20%
John K. Ellzey R TX 40%
Tom Emmer R MN 40%
Veronica Escobar D TX 0%
Anna Eshoo D CA 0%
Adriano Espaillat D NY 10%
Ron Estes R KS 70%
Dwight Evans D PA 0%
Mike Ezell R MS 56%
Patrick Fallon R TX 80%
Randy L. Feenstra R IA 50%
Drew Ferguson R GA 40%
Teresa Leger Fernandez D NM 0%
Brad Finstad R MN 80%
Michelle Fischbach R MN 80%
Scott L. Fitzgerald R WI 70%
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R PA 20%
Charles J. Fleischmann R TN 30%
Elizabeth Pannill Fletcher D TX 0%
Mike Flood R NE 30%
Bill Foster D IL 0%
Valerie Foushee D NC 10%
Virginia Foxx R NC 50%
Lois Frankel D FL 0%
Scott Franklin R FL 50%
Maxwell Alejandro Frost D FL 30%
Russell Fry R SC 80%
Russ Fulcher R ID 90%
Matt Gaetz R FL 80%
Mike Gallagher R WI 29%
Ruben Gallego D AZ 0%
John Garamendi D CA 0%
Andrew R. Garbarino R NY 30%
Jesus Garcia D IL 20%
Mike Garcia R CA 22%
Robert Garcia D CA 10%
Sylvia Garcia D TX 10%
Carlos Gimenez R FL 22%
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D WA 20%
Jared Golden D ME 10%
Dan Goldman D NY 0%
Jimmy Gomez D CA 10%
Tony Gonzales R TX 50%
Vicente Gonzalez D TX 0%
Bob Good R VA 100%
Lance Gooden R TX 70%
Paul A. Gosar R AZ 88%
Josh Gottheimer D NJ 0%
Kay Granger R TX 38%
Garret Graves R LA 60%
Sam Graves R MO 40%
Al Green D TX 0%
Mark Green R TN 80%
Marjorie Taylor Greene R GA 100%
H. Morgan Griffith R VA 60%
Raul M. Grijalva D AZ 0%
Glenn Grothman R WI 60%
Michael Guest R MS 60%
Brett Guthrie R KY 30%
Harriet M. Hageman R WY 90%
Josh Harder D CA 0%
Andy Harris R MD 100%
Diana Harshbarger R TN 90%
Jahana Hayes D CT 0%
Kevin Hern R OK 70%
Brian Higgins D NY N/A
Clay Higgins R LA 100%
French Hill R AR 20%
James A. Himes D CT 0%
Ashley E. Hinson R IA 30%
Steven A. Horsford D NV 0%
Erin Houchin R IN 40%
Chrissy Houlahan D PA 0%
Steny H. Hoyer D MD 0%
Val T. Hoyle D OR 10%
Richard Hudson R NC 40%
Jared Huffman D CA 10%
Bill Huizenga R MI 40%
Wesley Hunt R TX 89%
Darrell E. Issa R CA 40%
Glenn Ivey D MD 0%
Jeff Jackson D NC 0%
Jonathan L. Jackson D IL 20%
Ronny Jackson R TX 78%
Sheila Jackson-Lee D TX 0%
Sara J. Jacobs D CA 10%
John James R MI 30%
Pramila Jayapal D WA 20%
Hakeem S. Jeffries D NY 0%
Bill Johnson R OH N/A
Dusty Johnson R SD 30%
Henry C. Johnson D GA 0%
Mike Johnson R LA 25%
Jim Jordan R OH 90%
David Joyce R OH 20%
John Joyce R PA 70%
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D CA 0%
Marcy Kaptur D OH 0%
Thomas Kean R NJ 20%
William R. Keating D MA 0%
Mike Kelly R PA 30%
Robin Kelly D IL 0%
Trent Kelly R MS 60%
Timothy M. Kennedy D NY N/A
Ro Khanna D CA 20%
Jennifer Kiggans R VA 30%
Daniel Kildee D MI 0%
Kevin Kiley R CA 20%
Derek Kilmer D WA 0%
Andy Kim D NJ 0%
Young Kim R CA 20%
Raja Krishnamoorthi D IL 0%
Ann Kuster D NH 0%
David Kustoff R TN 50%
Darin LaHood R IL 50%
Nick LaLota R NY 20%
Doug LaMalfa R CA 75%
Doug Lamborn R CO 40%
Greg Landsman D OH 0%
Nicholas A. Langworthy R NY 56%
Rick Larsen D WA 0%
John B. Larson D CT 0%
Robert E. Latta R OH 40%
Jake LaTurner R KS 40%
Michael Lawler R NY 20%
Barbara Lee D CA 20%
Laurel M. Lee R FL 50%
Summer L. Lee D PA 30%
Suzanne Kelley Lee D NV 0%
Debbie Lesko R AZ 78%
Julia Janelle Letlow R LA 56%
Mike Levin D CA 0%
Ted Lieu D CA 0%
Zoe Lofgren D CA 10%
Barry Loudermilk R GA 78%
Frank D. Lucas R OK 20%
Blaine Luetkemeyer R MO 38%
Anna Paulina Luna R FL 90%
Morgan Luttrell R TX 70%
Stephen F. Lynch D MA 0%
Nancy Mace R SC 80%
Seth Magaziner D RI 0%
Nicole Malliotakis R NY 50%
Celeste Maloy R UT 38%
Tracey Mann R KS 80%
Kathy E. Manning D NC 0%
Thomas Massie R KY 100%
Brian J. Mast R FL 78%
Doris O. Matsui D CA 10%
Lucy McBath D GA 0%
Kevin McCarthy R CA N/A
Michael T. McCaul R TX 40%
Lisa McClain R MI 50%
Jennifer McClellan D VA 0%
Tom McClintock R CA 80%
Betty McCollum D MN 0%
Rich McCormick R GA 80%
Morgan McGarvey D KY 0%
James P. McGovern D MA 20%
Patrick McHenry R NC 44%
Gregory W. Meeks D NY 0%
Rob Menendez D NJ 0%
Grace Meng D NY 0%
Dan Meuser R PA 44%
Kweisi Mfume D MD 0%
Carol D. Miller R WV 33%
Mary Miller R IL 90%
Max L. Miller R OH 30%
Mariannette J. Miller-Meeks R IA 40%
Cory Mills R FL 90%
Marcus J. Molinaro R NY 33%
John R. Moolenaar R MI 40%
Alex Mooney R WV 100%
Blake David Moore R UT 33%
Felix Barry Moore R AL 90%
Gwen Moore D WI 22%
Nathaniel Moran R TX 44%
Joseph D. Morelle D NY 0%
Jared Moskowitz D FL 0%
Seth Moulton D MA 0%
Frank J. Mrvan D IN 0%
Kevin Mullin D CA 0%
Gregory Francis Murphy R NC 44%
Jerry Nadler D NY 10%
Grace Napolitano D CA 10%
Richard E. Neal D MA 0%
Joseph Neguse D CO 0%
Troy Nehls R TX 88%
Dan Newhouse R WA 30%
Wiley Nickel D NC 0%
Donald Norcross D NJ 0%
Ralph W. Norman R SC 90%
Zach Nunn R IA 30%
Jay P. Obernolte R CA 30%
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D NY 33%
Andrew Ogles R TN 90%
Ilhan Omar D MN 30%
Burgess Owens R UT 70%
Frank Pallone D NJ 10%
Gary J. Palmer R AL 70%
Jimmy Panetta D CA 0%
Christopher C. Pappas D NH 0%
Bill Pascrell D NJ 0%
Donald Payne D NJ 0%
Nancy Pelosi D CA 0%
Mary Sattler Peltola D AK 10%
Greg Pence R IN 30%
Scott Perry R PA 90%
Scott H. Peters D CA 0%
Brittany Pettersen D CO 0%
August Lee Pfluger R TX 60%
Dean Phillips D MN 0%
Chellie Pingree D ME 10%
Mark Pocan D WI 10%
Katie Porter D CA 13%
Bill Posey R FL 90%
Ayanna S. Pressley D MA 25%
Mike Quigley D IL 0%
Delia Ramirez D IL 30%
Jamie Raskin D MD 0%
Guy Reschenthaler R PA 40%
Lisa Blunt Rochester D DE 0%
Cathy McMorris Rodgers R WA 60%
Harold Rogers R KY 20%
Mike D. Rogers R AL 50%
John W. Rose R TN 67%
Deborah Ross D NC 0%
David Rouzer R NC 40%
Chip Roy R TX 100%
Raul Ruiz D CA 0%
Dutch Ruppersberger D MD 0%
John H. Rutherford R FL 20%
Pat Ryan D NY 0%
Maria Elvira Salazar R FL 13%
Andrea Salinas D OR 10%
Linda T. Sanchez D CA 0%
George Santos R NY N/A
John Sarbanes D MD 0%
Steve Scalise R LA 33%
Mary Scanlon D PA 10%
Janice D. Schakowsky D IL 10%
Adam Schiff D CA 0%
Bradley S. Schneider D IL 0%
Hillary J. Scholten D MI 0%
Kim Schrier D WA 0%
David Schweikert R AZ 70%
Austin Scott R GA 40%
David Scott D GA 0%
Robert C. Scott D VA 10%
Keith Self R TX 90%
Pete Sessions R TX 40%
Terri A. Sewell D AL 0%
Brad Sherman D CA 10%
Rebecca Michelle Sherrill D NJ 0%
Michael K. Simpson R ID 22%
Elissa Slotkin D MI 0%
Adam Smith D WA 0%
Adrian Smith R NE 33%
Christopher H. Smith R NJ 50%
Jason T. Smith R MO 60%
Lloyd Smucker R PA 30%
Eric Sorensen D IL 0%
Darren Soto D FL 0%
Abigail Spanberger D VA 0%
Victoria K. Spartz R IN 100%
Matt Rosendale R MT 90%
Melanie Ann Stansbury D NM 0%
Greg Stanton D AZ 0%
Pete Stauber R MN 60%
Michelle Steel R CA 30%
Elise Stefanik R NY 50%
Bryan Steil R WI 50%
Greg Steube R FL 90%
Haley Stevens D MI 0%
Marilyn Strickland D WA 0%
Dale W. Strong R AL 60%
Thomas R. Suozzi D NY 0%
Eric Swalwell D CA 0%
Emilia Strong Sykes D OH 0%
Mark Takano D CA 20%
Claudia Tenney R NY 70%
Shri Thanedar D MI 0%
Bennie G. Thompson D MS 0%
Glenn Thompson R PA 30%
Mike Thompson D CA 0%
Tom Tiffany R WI 90%
William R. Timmons R SC 80%
Dina Titus D NV 0%
Rashida Tlaib D MI 30%
Jill N. Tokuda D HI 0%
Paul D. Tonko D NY 0%
Norma J. Torres D CA 0%
Ritchie John Torres D NY 0%
Lori Trahan D MA 0%
David Trone D MD 0%
Michael R. Turner R OH 20%
Lauren A. Underwood D IL 0%
David G. Valadao R CA 20%
Jeff Van Drew R NJ 70%
Elizabeth Ann Van Duyne R TX 80%
Derrick Van Orden R WI 60%
Juan Vargas D CA 0%
Gabe Vasquez D NM 0%
Marc A. Veasey D TX 0%
Nydia M. Velazquez D NY 22%
Ann Wagner R MO 40%
Tim Walberg R MI 50%
Mike Waltz R FL 89%
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D FL 0%
Maxine Waters D CA 10%
Bonnie Watson Coleman D NJ 10%
Randy K. Weber R TX 80%
Daniel Webster R FL 60%
Brad Wenstrup R OH 30%
Bruce Westerman R AR 60%
Jennifer Wexton D VA 0%
Susan Wild D PA 0%
Brandon Williams R NY 33%
Nikema Williams D GA 10%
Roger Williams R TX 75%
Frederica S. Wilson D FL 0%
Joe Wilson R SC 40%
Robert J. Wittman R VA 40%
Steve Womack R AR 20%
Rudolph Yakym R IN 50%
Ryan Zinke R MT 56%

Average Freedom Score by Party

PartyScore
Democrat4.5%
Republican56.4%
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