Freedom Index 118-1

Our first look at the 118th Congress shows how every member of the House and Senate voted on key issues such as the bipartisan debt-limit deal, ending the Covid national emergency, and ESG.

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House Votes

1. Forced Vaccinations

Eliminates the Health and Human Services (HHS) Covid-19 vaccine mandate on healthcare providers furnishing items and services in Medicare- and Medicaid-certified facilities.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 497 Roll Call 98 See Article I Section 1

2. Terminate Covid-19 National Emergency

It is unconstitutional to suspend the Constitution by declaring national public-health emergencies.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H. J. Res. 7 Roll Call 104

3. Noncitizen Voting in Washington, D.C.

The right to vote and choose representatives in America is retained solely by citizens of the United States, who, owing true faith and allegiance to the Constitution, are not subject to any foreign power. According to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 17 of the Constitution, Congress is granted the authority to "exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever" involving Washington, D.C.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H. J. Res. 24 Roll Call 118

4. ESG Fiduciary Rule

Overturns the Labor Department's rule allowing retirement-plan fiduciaries to use ESG.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H. J. Res. 30 Roll Call 124 See Article I Section 8

5. U.S. Military in Syria

Directs the president to remove U.S. armed forces from Syria within 180 days of the adoption of the resolution.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H. Con. Res. 21 Roll Call 136 See Article I Section 8

6. Federal Water Rule

Both federal water regulations and the EPA are unconstitutional, and if the latest Biden administration rule were allowed to stand, activities such as farming and real estate development would be greatly hampered, since farmers and developers would be subject to increased unconstitutional permit requirements and fines concerning their treatment of almost any body of water, no matter how small.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H. J. Res. 27 Roll Call 142

7. ASEAN Relations

Formally recognizes ASEAN as an international organization, with the same diplomatic privileges enjoyed by other foreign embassies.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 406 Roll Call 148

8. Terminating Department of Education

Expresses the sense of Congress that the Department of Education should be terminated.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes Benefit per household: +$607.00/year
H.R. 5 Roll Call 156 See Article I Section 8

9. Federal Air-pollutants Law

Section 115 of the Clean Air Act has for decades served to disguise the federal government's unconstitutional seizure of control over the domestic energy sector - a plan designed to not only erode state sovereignty, but implement United Nations-led global "climate change" policy. The 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution clearly reserves any such regulatory powers to the "States respectively, or to the people," as opposed to unelected, unaccountable foreign bureaucrats.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 1 Roll Call 173

10. Bipartisan Debt-limit Deal

Suspends the debt limit through January 1, 2025 and create caps on "discretionary" spending for fiscal years 2024 and 2025, among many other dubious changes.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 3746 Roll Call 243 See Article I Section 8

How did they vote?

Legend: Constitutional Unconstitutional Did not vote
Name Party State Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Alma S. Adams D NC 0%
Robert Aderholt R AL 70%
Pete Aguilar D CA 0%
Mark Alford R MO 70%
Rick W. Allen R GA 60%
Colin Allred D TX 10%
Mark E. Amodei R NV 60%
Kelly Armstrong R ND 60%
Jodey Cook Arrington R TX 78%
Jake Auchincloss D MA 10%
Brian Babin R TX 70%
Don Bacon R NE 50%
James R. Baird R IN 60%
Troy Balderson R OH 60%
Becca Balint D VT 10%
Jim Banks R IN 78%
Andy Barr R KY 60%
Nanette Diaz Barragan D CA 20%
Aaron Bean R FL 80%
Joyce Beatty D OH 0%
Cliff B. Bentz R OR 60%
Ami Bera D CA 0%
Jack Bergman R MI 60%
Don S. Beyer D VA 10%
Stephanie Bice R OK 50%
Andy Biggs R AZ 100%
Gus M. Bilirakis R FL 60%
Dan Bishop R NC 100%
Sanford D. Bishop D GA 20%
Earl Blumenauer D OR 13%
Lauren Boebert R CO 100%
Suzanne Bonamici D OR 20%
Mike Bost R IL 80%
Jamaal Bowman D NY 20%
Brendan F. Boyle D PA 0%
Josh Brecheen R OK 100%
Shontel Brown D OH 0%
Julia Brownley D CA 0%
Vern Buchanan R FL 70%
Ken Buck R CO 89%
Larry Bucshon R IN 63%
Nikki Budzinski D IL 10%
Tim Burchett R TN 100%
Michael Burgess R TX 80%
Eric Burlison R MO 90%
Cori Bush D MO 20%
Ken Calvert R CA 50%
Kat Cammack R FL 90%
Yadira Caraveo D CO 10%
Salud O. Carbajal D CA 0%
Tony Cardenas D CA 0%
Mike Carey R OH 60%
Jerry L. Carl R AL 60%
Andre Carson D IN 10%
Earl L. Carter R GA 60%
John R. Carter R TX 60%
Troy Carter D LA 0%
Matthew Cartwright D PA 10%
Greg Casar D TX 20%
Ed Case D HI 0%
Sean Casten D IL 0%
Kathy Castor D FL 0%
Joaquin Castro D TX 25%
Lori Chavez-DeRemer R OR 50%
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick D FL 0%
Judy Chu D CA 20%
David Cicilline D RI 0%
Juan Ciscomani R AZ 50%
Katherine M. Clark D MA 0%
Yvette D. Clarke D NY 20%
Emanuel Cleaver D MO 0%
Ben L. Cline R VA 100%
Michael Cloud R TX 90%
James E. Clyburn D SC 0%
Andrew Clyde R GA 90%
Steve Cohen D TN 0%
Tom Cole R OK 50%
Mike Collins R GA 90%
James Comer R KY 80%
Gerry Connolly D VA 20%
Luis Correa D CA 10%
Jim Costa D CA 25%
Joe Courtney D CT 0%
Angela Dawn Craig D MN 33%
Eli Crane R AZ 100%
Eric A. Crawford R AR 44%
Dan Crenshaw R TX 60%
Jasmine Crockett D TX 10%
Jason Crow D CO 0%
Henry Cuellar D TX 22%
John Curtis R UT 60%
Anthony D\'Esposito R NY 50%
Sharice Davids D KS 10%
Warren Davidson R OH 80%
Danny K. Davis D IL 0%
Don Davis D NC 40%
Monica De La Cruz R TX 56%
Madeleine Dean D PA 0%
Diana DeGette D CO 0%
Rosa L. DeLauro D CT 10%
Suzan DelBene D WA 0%
Chris Deluzio D PA 10%
Mark DeSaulnier D CA 20%
Scott DesJarlais R TN 80%
Mario Diaz-Balart R FL 67%
Debbie Dingell D MI 10%
Lloyd Doggett D TX 10%
Byron Donalds R FL 100%
John S. Duarte R CA 60%
Jeff Duncan R SC 67%
Neal P. Dunn R FL 60%
Charles Edwards R NC 67%
John K. Ellzey R TX 70%
Tom Emmer R MN 80%
Veronica Escobar D TX 0%
Anna Eshoo D CA 10%
Adriano Espaillat D NY 20%
Ron Estes R KS 60%
Dwight Evans D PA 0%
Mike Ezell R MS 70%
Patrick Fallon R TX 90%
Randy L. Feenstra R IA 50%
Drew Ferguson R GA 60%
Teresa Leger Fernandez D NM 17%
Brad Finstad R MN 80%
Michelle Fischbach R MN 80%
Scott L. Fitzgerald R WI 70%
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R PA 40%
Charles J. Fleischmann R TN 60%
Elizabeth Pannill Fletcher D TX 0%
Mike Flood R NE 60%
Bill Foster D IL 0%
Valerie Foushee D NC 0%
Virginia Foxx R NC 70%
Lois Frankel D FL 0%
Scott Franklin R FL 60%
Maxwell Alejandro Frost D FL 0%
Russell Fry R SC 90%
Russ Fulcher R ID 80%
Matt Gaetz R FL 90%
Mike Gallagher R WI 60%
Ruben Gallego D AZ 11%
John Garamendi D CA 10%
Andrew R. Garbarino R NY 50%
Jesus Garcia D IL 33%
Mike Garcia R CA 60%
Robert Garcia D CA 10%
Sylvia Garcia D TX 10%
Carlos Gimenez R FL 50%
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D WA 40%
Jared Golden D ME 60%
Dan Goldman D NY 11%
Jimmy Gomez D CA 20%
Tony Gonzales R TX 60%
Vicente Gonzalez D TX 30%
Bob Good R VA 100%
Lance Gooden R TX 80%
Paul A. Gosar R AZ 100%
Josh Gottheimer D NJ 10%
Kay Granger R TX 50%
Garret Graves R LA 50%
Sam Graves R MO 50%
Al Green D TX 10%
Mark Green R TN 70%
Marjorie Taylor Greene R GA 90%
H. Morgan Griffith R VA 78%
Raul M. Grijalva D AZ 10%
Glenn Grothman R WI 70%
Michael Guest R MS 70%
Brett Guthrie R KY 60%
Harriet M. Hageman R WY 100%
Josh Harder D CA 10%
Andy Harris R MD 100%
Diana Harshbarger R TN 80%
Jahana Hayes D CT 10%
Kevin Hern R OK 90%
Brian Higgins D NY 10%
Clay Higgins R LA 90%
French Hill R AR 60%
James A. Himes D CT 0%
Ashley E. Hinson R IA 50%
Steven A. Horsford D NV 0%
Erin Houchin R IN 60%
Chrissy Houlahan D PA 10%
Steny H. Hoyer D MD 0%
Val T. Hoyle D OR 33%
Richard Hudson R NC 78%
Jared Huffman D CA 20%
Bill Huizenga R MI 50%
Wesley Hunt R TX 89%
Darrell E. Issa R CA 60%
Glenn Ivey D MD 0%
Jeff Jackson D NC 10%
Jonathan L. Jackson D IL 0%
Ronny Jackson R TX 90%
Sheila Jackson-Lee D TX 0%
Sara J. Jacobs D CA 10%
John James R MI 60%
Pramila Jayapal D WA 20%
Hakeem S. Jeffries D NY 0%
Bill Johnson R OH 60%
Dusty Johnson R SD 60%
Henry C. Johnson D GA 0%
Mike Johnson R LA 67%
Jim Jordan R OH 80%
David Joyce R OH 56%
John Joyce R PA 70%
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D CA 10%
Marcy Kaptur D OH 11%
Thomas Kean R NJ 50%
William R. Keating D MA 0%
Mike Kelly R PA 50%
Robin Kelly D IL 14%
Trent Kelly R MS 70%
Ro Khanna D CA 20%
Jennifer Kiggans R VA 50%
Daniel Kildee D MI 10%
Kevin Kiley R CA 50%
Derek Kilmer D WA 10%
Andy Kim D NJ 0%
Young Kim R CA 50%
Raja Krishnamoorthi D IL 0%
Ann Kuster D NH 0%
David Kustoff R TN 56%
Darin LaHood R IL 70%
Nick LaLota R NY 50%
Doug LaMalfa R CA 70%
Doug Lamborn R CO 70%
Greg Landsman D OH 10%
Nicholas A. Langworthy R NY 50%
Rick Larsen D WA 20%
John B. Larson D CT 13%
Robert E. Latta R OH 60%
Jake LaTurner R KS 60%
Michael Lawler R NY 50%
Barbara Lee D CA 22%
Laurel M. Lee R FL 60%
Summer L. Lee D PA 20%
Suzanne Kelley Lee D NV 20%
Debbie Lesko R AZ 90%
Julia Janelle Letlow R LA 50%
Mike Levin D CA 10%
Ted Lieu D CA 0%
Zoe Lofgren D CA 0%
Barry Loudermilk R GA 89%
Frank D. Lucas R OK 50%
Blaine Luetkemeyer R MO 50%
Anna Paulina Luna R FL 100%
Morgan Luttrell R TX 80%
Stephen F. Lynch D MA 0%
Nancy Mace R SC 70%
Seth Magaziner D RI 0%
Nicole Malliotakis R NY 50%
Tracey Mann R KS 70%
Kathy E. Manning D NC 10%
Thomas Massie R KY 90%
Brian J. Mast R FL 70%
Doris O. Matsui D CA 0%
Lucy McBath D GA 0%
Kevin McCarthy R CA 50%
Michael T. McCaul R TX 50%
Lisa McClain R MI 60%
Jennifer McClellan D VA 0%
Tom McClintock R CA 80%
Betty McCollum D MN 0%
Rich McCormick R GA 90%
Morgan McGarvey D KY 0%
James P. McGovern D MA 20%
Patrick McHenry R NC 60%
Gregory W. Meeks D NY 0%
Rob Menendez D NJ 0%
Grace Meng D NY 20%
Dan Meuser R PA 50%
Kweisi Mfume D MD 0%
Carol D. Miller R WV 70%
Mary Miller R IL 100%
Max L. Miller R OH 60%
Mariannette J. Miller-Meeks R IA 50%
Cory Mills R FL 90%
Marcus J. Molinaro R NY 50%
John R. Moolenaar R MI 60%
Alex Mooney R WV 90%
Blake David Moore R UT 50%
Felix Barry Moore R AL 90%
Gwen Moore D WI 20%
Nathaniel Moran R TX 80%
Joseph D. Morelle D NY 0%
Jared Moskowitz D FL 25%
Seth Moulton D MA 0%
Frank J. Mrvan D IN 0%
Kevin Mullin D CA 0%
Gregory Francis Murphy R NC 70%
Jerry Nadler D NY 10%
Grace Napolitano D CA 10%
Richard E. Neal D MA 0%
Joseph Neguse D CO 0%
Troy Nehls R TX 80%
Dan Newhouse R WA 60%
Wiley Nickel D NC 10%
Donald Norcross D NJ 0%
Ralph W. Norman R SC 100%
Zach Nunn R IA 50%
Jay P. Obernolte R CA 70%
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D NY 20%
Andrew Ogles R TN 100%
Ilhan Omar D MN 10%
Burgess Owens R UT 60%
Frank Pallone D NJ 10%
Gary J. Palmer R AL 67%
Jimmy Panetta D CA 20%
Christopher C. Pappas D NH 20%
Bill Pascrell D NJ 0%
Donald Payne D NJ 0%
Nancy Pelosi D CA 0%
Mary Sattler Peltola D AK 0%
Greg Pence R IN 43%
Scott Perry R PA 100%
Scott H. Peters D CA 0%
Brittany Pettersen D CO 10%
August Lee Pfluger R TX 60%
Dean Phillips D MN 13%
Chellie Pingree D ME 10%
Mark Pocan D WI 22%
Katie Porter D CA 10%
Bill Posey R FL 100%
Ayanna S. Pressley D MA 20%
Mike Quigley D IL 0%
Delia Ramirez D IL 20%
Jamie Raskin D MD 0%
Guy Reschenthaler R PA 70%
Lisa Blunt Rochester D DE 10%
Cathy McMorris Rodgers R WA 60%
Harold Rogers R KY 50%
Mike D. Rogers R AL 60%
John W. Rose R TN 70%
Deborah Ross D NC 0%
David Rouzer R NC 70%
Chip Roy R TX 100%
Raul Ruiz D CA 0%
Dutch Ruppersberger D MD 0%
John H. Rutherford R FL 60%
Pat Ryan D NY 20%
Maria Elvira Salazar R FL 50%
Andrea Salinas D OR 20%
Linda T. Sanchez D CA 10%
George Santos R NY 90%
John Sarbanes D MD 0%
Steve Scalise R LA 67%
Mary Scanlon D PA 10%
Janice D. Schakowsky D IL 20%
Adam Schiff D CA 0%
Bradley S. Schneider D IL 0%
Hillary J. Scholten D MI 0%
Kim Schrier D WA 13%
David Schweikert R AZ 78%
Austin Scott R GA 60%
David Scott D GA 11%
Robert C. Scott D VA 10%
Keith Self R TX 90%
Pete Sessions R TX 80%
Terri A. Sewell D AL 0%
Brad Sherman D CA 0%
Rebecca Michelle Sherrill D NJ 20%
Michael K. Simpson R ID 50%
Elissa Slotkin D MI 10%
Adam Smith D WA 0%
Adrian Smith R NE 60%
Christopher H. Smith R NJ 50%
Jason T. Smith R MO 50%
Lloyd Smucker R PA 50%
Eric Sorensen D IL 10%
Darren Soto D FL 0%
Abigail Spanberger D VA 30%
Victoria K. Spartz R IN 70%
Matt Rosendale R MT 100%
Melanie Ann Stansbury D NM 10%
Greg Stanton D AZ 10%
Pete Stauber R MN 60%
Michelle Steel R CA 50%
Elise Stefanik R NY 50%
Bryan Steil R WI 50%
Greg Steube R FL 100%
Haley Stevens D MI 0%
Chris Stewart R UT 60%
Marilyn Strickland D WA 0%
Dale W. Strong R AL 70%
Eric Swalwell D CA 0%
Emilia Strong Sykes D OH 0%
Mark Takano D CA 0%
Claudia Tenney R NY 60%
Shri Thanedar D MI 10%
Bennie G. Thompson D MS 0%
Glenn Thompson R PA 50%
Mike Thompson D CA 10%
Tom Tiffany R WI 100%
William R. Timmons R SC 80%
Dina Titus D NV 0%
Rashida Tlaib D MI 20%
Jill N. Tokuda D HI 10%
Paul D. Tonko D NY 10%
Norma J. Torres D CA 10%
Ritchie John Torres D NY 20%
Lori Trahan D MA 10%
David Trone D MD 0%
Michael R. Turner R OH 50%
Lauren A. Underwood D IL 0%
David G. Valadao R CA 50%
Jeff Van Drew R NJ 70%
Elizabeth Ann Van Duyne R TX 80%
Derrick Van Orden R WI 50%
Juan Vargas D CA 20%
Gabe Vasquez D NM 0%
Marc A. Veasey D TX 0%
Nydia M. Velazquez D NY 20%
Ann Wagner R MO 50%
Tim Walberg R MI 60%
Mike Waltz R FL 80%
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D FL 0%
Maxine Waters D CA 0%
Bonnie Watson Coleman D NJ 0%
Randy K. Weber R TX 70%
Daniel Webster R FL 70%
Brad Wenstrup R OH 60%
Bruce Westerman R AR 50%
Jennifer Wexton D VA 0%
Susan Wild D PA 0%
Brandon Williams R NY 50%
Nikema Williams D GA 10%
Roger Williams R TX 67%
Frederica S. Wilson D FL 10%
Joe Wilson R SC 70%
Robert J. Wittman R VA 60%
Steve Womack R AR 50%
Rudolph Yakym R IN 60%
Ryan Zinke R MT 80%

Average Freedom Score by Party

PartyScore
Democrat8.6%
Republican68.5%
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