Freedom Index 119-3

“The Freedom Index: A Congressional Scorecard Based on the U.S. Constitution” rates members of Congress based on their adherence to constitutional principles of limited government, fiscal responsibility, national sovereignty, and a traditional foreign policy of avoiding foreign entanglements. For information on the criteria we use to select the votes, go to FreedomIndex.us/about.

To learn how any representative or senator voted on the key measures described herein, look him or her up in the vote charts. The scores are derived by dividing a congressman’s constitutional votes (pluses) by the total number he cast (pluses and minuses) and multiplying by 100. The average House score for this index is 40 percent (64 percent for the Republicans and 16 percent for the Democrats), and the average Senate score is 38 percent (52 percent for the Republicans and 22 percent for the Democrats). Two representatives (Thomas Massie of Kentucky and Warren Davidson of Ohio) and one senator (Rand Paul of Kentucky) earned 100 percent. We encourage readers to examine how their own legislators voted on each of the 10 key measures. We also encourage readers to commend legislators for their constitutional votes, and to urge improvement where needed.

Our third look at the 119th Congress shows how every member of the House and Senate voted on key issues such as foreign aid, war powers, ObamaCare subsidies (House only), and immigration.

Share this Freedom Index in your district to inform people about the constitutionality of their elected officials' votes.

House Votes

21. Appropriations

Would appropriate $187 billion in total funding for select federal agencies in fiscal 2026.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$1,373.00/year
H.R. 6938 Roll Call 7 Passed 397 to 28 on Jan 8, 2026 See Article I Section 8

22. ObamaCare Subsidy Extension

Would extend enhanced ObamaCare subsidies by an additional three years.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 1834 Roll Call 11 Passed 230 to 196 on Jan 8, 2026 See Article I Section 8

23. Democracy Grants

Would eliminate $315 million in federal funding for the National Endowment for Democracy and $2.2 billion for other democracy programs.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes Cost per household: -$2.44/year
H.R. 7006 Roll Call 27 Rejected 127 to 289 on Jan 14, 2026 See Article I Section 8

24. Ban Funding for “Kill-switch” Mandate

Would protect Americans from a requirement that new passenger motor vehicles be equipped with "advanced drunk and impaired driving prevention technology."
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 7148 Roll Call 43 Rejected 164 to 264 on Jan 22, 2026 See Article I Section 8 Fourth Amendment Fifth Amendment

25. Repealing Weapon Regulations and Taxes

Would exempt "less-than-lethal projectile devices," including certain Tasers, from federal gun-control regulations and taxes.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 2189 Roll Call 70 Passed 233 to 185 on Feb 12, 2026 See Second Amendment Ninth Amendment

26. Repealing Energy-efficiency Programs

Would repeal three federal energy-efficiency programs and rescind about $300 million designated for them.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 4758 Roll Call 78 Passed 210 to 199 on Feb 25, 2026 See Article I Section 8

27. War Powers

Would direct the U.S. president to end the war in Iran unless Congress explicitly declares war.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H. Con. Res. 38 Roll Call 85 Rejected 212 to 219 on Mar 5, 2026 See Article I Section 8

28. Haiti “Temporary Protected Status” Designation

Would require the secretary of homeland security to designate Haiti for temporary protected status (TPS) until April 2029.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 1689 Roll Call 120 Passed 224 to 203 on Apr 16, 2026 See Article IV Section 4

29. FISA Extension

Would extend by 45 days the expiration date of Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
S. 4465 Roll Call 155 Passed 260 to 110 on Apr 30, 2026 See Fourth Amendment

30. Ukraine Aid

Would authorize additional aid to Ukraine, including up to $8 billion for military assistance via loans, and impose penalties for Russia.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$64.41/year
H.R. 2913 Roll Call 207 Passed 225 to 194 on Jun 4, 2026 See Article I Section 8

How did they vote?

Legend: Constitutional Unconstitutional Did not vote
Name Party State Score 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Alma S. Adams D NC 20%
Robert Aderholt R AL 60%
Pete Aguilar D CA 10%
Mark Alford R MO 60%
Rick W. Allen R GA 70%
Gabe Amo D RI 10%
Mark E. Amodei R NV 60%
Yassamin Ansari D AZ 20%
Jodey Cook Arrington R TX 70%
Jake Auchincloss D MA 10%
Brian Babin R TX 70%
Don Bacon R NE 30%
James R. Baird R IN 63%
Troy Balderson R OH 70%
Becca Balint D VT 20%
Andy Barr R KY 70%
Nanette Diaz Barragan D CA 11%
Tom Barrett R MI 70%
Michael Baumgartner R WA 67%
Aaron Bean R FL 80%
Joyce Beatty D OH 20%
Nick Begich III R AK 80%
Wesley Bell D MO 20%
Cliff B. Bentz R OR 60%
Ami Bera D CA 11%
Jack Bergman R MI 70%
Don S. Beyer D VA 10%
Stephanie Bice R OK 50%
Andy Biggs R AZ 89%
Sheri Biggs R SC 80%
Gus M. Bilirakis R FL 50%
Sanford D. Bishop D GA 20%
Lauren Boebert R CO 80%
Suzanne Bonamici D OR 20%
Mike Bost R IL 60%
Brendan F. Boyle D PA 20%
Josh Brecheen R OK 80%
Rob Bresnahan R PA 40%
Shontel Brown D OH 10%
Julia Brownley D CA 10%
Vern Buchanan R FL 67%
Nikki Budzinski D IL 10%
Tim Burchett R TN 90%
Eric Burlison R MO 89%
Janelle S. Bynum D OR 10%
Ken Calvert R CA 50%
Kat Cammack R FL 90%
Salud O. Carbajal D CA 10%
Mike Carey R OH 30%
Andre Carson D IN 20%
Earl L. Carter R GA 70%
John R. Carter R TX 50%
Troy Carter D LA 20%
Greg Casar D TX 22%
Ed Case D HI 10%
Sean Casten D IL 10%
Kathy Castor D FL 11%
Joaquin Castro D TX 13%
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick D FL 13%
Judy Chu D CA 20%
Juan Ciscomani R AZ 60%
Gil Cisneros D CA 10%
Katherine M. Clark D MA 10%
Yvette D. Clarke D NY 30%
Emanuel Cleaver D MO 11%
Ben L. Cline R VA 70%
Michael Cloud R TX 80%
James E. Clyburn D SC 10%
Andrew Clyde R GA 78%
Steve Cohen D TN 20%
Tom Cole R OK 50%
Mike Collins R GA 80%
James Comer R KY 70%
Herbert C. Conaway D NJ 11%
Luis Correa D CA 40%
Jim Costa D CA 11%
Joe Courtney D CT 10%
Angela Dawn Craig D MN 20%
Eli Crane R AZ 90%
Jeff Crank R CO 70%
Eric A. Crawford R AR 60%
Dan Crenshaw R TX 67%
Jasmine Crockett D TX 22%
Jason Crow D CO 20%
Henry Cuellar D TX 10%
Sharice Davids D KS 10%
Warren Davidson R OH 100%
Danny K. Davis D IL 11%
Don Davis D NC 22%
Monica De La Cruz R TX 60%
Madeleine Dean D PA 10%
Diana DeGette D CO 11%
Rosa L. DeLauro D CT 10%
Suzan DelBene D WA 10%
Chris Deluzio D PA 20%
Mark DeSaulnier D CA 20%
Scott DesJarlais R TN 67%
Maxine Dexter D OR 20%
Mario Diaz-Balart R FL 40%
Debbie Dingell D MI 22%
Lloyd Doggett D TX 11%
Byron Donalds R FL 89%
Troy Downing R MT 80%
Neal P. Dunn R FL 50%
Charles Edwards R NC 50%
Sarah Elfreth D MD 20%
John K. Ellzey R TX 50%
Tom Emmer R MN 70%
Veronica Escobar D TX 11%
Adriano Espaillat D NY 11%
Ron Estes R KS 60%
Dwight Evans D PA 22%
Gabe Evans R CO 60%
Mike Ezell R MS 70%
Patrick Fallon R TX 70%
Julie Fedorchak R ND 70%
Randy L. Feenstra R IA 50%
Teresa Leger Fernandez D NM 10%
Cleo Fields D LA 11%
Shomari Figures D AL 10%
Randy Fine R FL 70%
Brad Finstad R MN 70%
Michelle Fischbach R MN 70%
Scott L. Fitzgerald R WI 70%
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R PA 0%
Charles J. Fleischmann R TN 60%
Elizabeth Pannill Fletcher D TX 10%
Mike Flood R NE 60%
Vince Fong R CA 67%
Bill Foster D IL 10%
Valerie Foushee D NC 20%
Virginia Foxx R NC 70%
Lois Frankel D FL 13%
Scott Franklin R FL 60%
Laura Friedman D CA 20%
Maxwell Alejandro Frost D FL 20%
Russell Fry R SC 80%
Russ Fulcher R ID 80%
John Garamendi D CA 11%
Andrew R. Garbarino R NY 30%
Jesus Garcia D IL 11%
Robert Garcia D CA 11%
Sylvia Garcia D TX 10%
Brandon Gill R TX 80%
Laura Gillen D NY 10%
Carlos Gimenez R FL 33%
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D WA 30%
Jared Golden D ME 10%
Craig A. Goldman R TX 60%
Dan Goldman D NY 13%
Jimmy Gomez D CA 20%
Tony Gonzales R TX 67%
Vicente Gonzalez D TX 20%
Lance Gooden R TX 70%
Maggie Goodlander D NH 10%
Paul A. Gosar R AZ 90%
Josh Gottheimer D NJ 11%
Sam Graves R MO 70%
Adam Gray D CA 30%
Al Green D TX 20%
H. Morgan Griffith R VA 70%
Adelita S. Grijalva D AZ 20%
Glenn Grothman R WI 80%
Michael Guest R MS 70%
Brett Guthrie R KY 60%
Harriet M. Hageman R WY 80%
Abraham J. Hamadeh R AZ 70%
Josh Harder D CA 10%
Mike Haridopolos R FL 60%
Pat Harrigan R NC 70%
Andy Harris R MD 78%
Mark Harris R NC 70%
Diana Harshbarger R TN 80%
Jahana Hayes D CT 20%
Kevin Hern R OK 70%
Clay Higgins R LA 80%
French Hill R AR 50%
James A. Himes D CT 10%
Ashley E. Hinson R IA 60%
Steven A. Horsford D NV 20%
Erin Houchin R IN 70%
Chrissy Houlahan D PA 10%
Steny H. Hoyer D MD 10%
Val T. Hoyle D OR 30%
Richard Hudson R NC 70%
Jared Huffman D CA 20%
Bill Huizenga R MI 60%
Wesley Hunt R TX 50%
Jeff Hurd R CO 30%
Darrell E. Issa R CA 60%
Glenn Ivey D MD 20%
Brian Jack R GA 60%
Jonathan L. Jackson D IL 20%
Ronny Jackson R TX 70%
Sara J. Jacobs D CA 10%
John James R MI 60%
Pramila Jayapal D WA 22%
Hakeem S. Jeffries D NY 10%
Dusty Johnson R SD 56%
Henry C. Johnson D GA 20%
Julie Johnson D TX 11%
Mike Johnson R LA 57%
Jim Jordan R OH 70%
David Joyce R OH 30%
John Joyce R PA 70%
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D CA 11%
Marcy Kaptur D OH 20%
Thomas Kean R NJ 29%
William R. Keating D MA 11%
Mike Kelly R PA 50%
Robin Kelly D IL 11%
Trent Kelly R MS 70%
Mike Kennedy R UT 90%
Timothy M. Kennedy D NY 10%
Ro Khanna D CA 20%
Jennifer Kiggans R VA 40%
Kevin Kiley R CA 30%
Young Kim R CA 50%
Brad Knott R NC 70%
Raja Krishnamoorthi D IL 10%
David Kustoff R TN 70%
Darin LaHood R IL 50%
Nick LaLota R NY 33%
Greg Landsman D OH 10%
Nicholas A. Langworthy R NY 70%
Rick Larsen D WA 11%
John B. Larson D CT 10%
George Latimer D NY 11%
Robert E. Latta R OH 60%
Michael Lawler R NY 20%
Laurel M. Lee R FL 70%
Summer L. Lee D PA 20%
Suzanne Kelley Lee D NV 10%
Julia Janelle Letlow R LA 78%
Mike Levin D CA 20%
Sam T. Liccardo D CA 10%
Ted Lieu D CA 20%
Zoe Lofgren D CA 11%
Barry Loudermilk R GA 78%
Frank D. Lucas R OK 50%
Anna Paulina Luna R FL 75%
Morgan Luttrell R TX 80%
Stephen F. Lynch D MA 11%
Nancy Mace R SC 71%
Ryan Mackenzie R PA 50%
Seth Magaziner D RI 10%
Nicole Malliotakis R NY 40%
Celeste Maloy R UT 50%
Tracey Mann R KS 70%
John W. Mannion D NY 20%
Thomas Massie R KY 100%
Brian J. Mast R FL 50%
Doris O. Matsui D CA 20%
Lucy McBath D GA 10%
Sarah McBride D DE 20%
Michael T. McCaul R TX 50%
Lisa McClain R MI 70%
April McClain-Delaney D MD 20%
Jennifer McClellan D VA 20%
Tom McClintock R CA 78%
Betty McCollum D MN 10%
Rich McCormick R GA 60%
Addison P. McDowell R NC 70%
Morgan McGarvey D KY 20%
James P. McGovern D MA 20%
John J. McGuire R VA 70%
LaMonica McIver D NJ 20%
Gregory W. Meeks D NY 11%
Christian Menefee D TX 40%
Rob Menendez D NJ 20%
Grace Meng D NY 20%
Mark B. Messmer R IN 70%
Dan Meuser R PA 50%
Kweisi Mfume D MD 22%
Carol D. Miller R WV 67%
Mary Miller R IL 80%
Max L. Miller R OH 44%
Mariannette J. Miller-Meeks R IA 60%
Cory Mills R FL 78%
Dave Min D CA 20%
John R. Moolenaar R MI 60%
Blake David Moore R UT 50%
Felix Barry Moore R AL 70%
Gwen Moore D WI 20%
Riley Moore R WV 70%
Tim Moore R NC 60%
Nathaniel Moran R TX 60%
Joseph D. Morelle D NY 10%
Kelly Morrison D MN 10%
Jared Moskowitz D FL 11%
Seth Moulton D MA 13%
Frank J. Mrvan D IN 10%
Kevin Mullin D CA 20%
Gregory Francis Murphy R NC 20%
Jerry Nadler D NY 11%
Richard E. Neal D MA 10%
Joseph Neguse D CO 20%
Troy Nehls R TX 75%
Dan Newhouse R WA 40%
Donald Norcross D NJ 20%
Ralph W. Norman R SC 83%
Zach Nunn R IA 40%
Jay P. Obernolte R CA 60%
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D NY 22%
Andrew Ogles R TN 78%
Johnny Olszewski D MD 11%
Ilhan Omar D MN 30%
Bob Onder R MO 78%
Burgess Owens R UT 70%
Frank Pallone D NJ 20%
Gary J. Palmer R AL 70%
Jimmy Panetta D CA 20%
Christopher C. Pappas D NH 10%
Jimmy Patronis R FL 70%
Nancy Pelosi D CA 10%
Scott Perry R PA 90%
Scott H. Peters D CA 10%
Brittany Pettersen D CO 30%
August Lee Pfluger R TX 60%
Chellie Pingree D ME 22%
Mark Pocan D WI 20%
Nellie Pou D NJ 10%
Ayanna S. Pressley D MA 22%
Mike Quigley D IL 11%
Delia Ramirez D IL 11%
Emily Randall D WA 20%
Jamie Raskin D MD 10%
Guy Reschenthaler R PA 67%
Josh Riley D NY 10%
Luz Maria Rivas D CA 10%
Kristen McDonald Rivet D MI 10%
Harold Rogers R KY 50%
Mike D. Rogers R AL 67%
John W. Rose R TN 78%
Deborah Ross D NC 10%
David Rouzer R NC 70%
Chip Roy R TX 90%
Raul Ruiz D CA 20%
Michael A. Rulli R OH 70%
John H. Rutherford R FL 63%
Pat Ryan D NY 20%
Maria Elvira Salazar R FL 30%
Andrea Salinas D OR 20%
Linda T. Sanchez D CA 20%
Steve Scalise R LA 67%
Mary Scanlon D PA 20%
Janice D. Schakowsky D IL 13%
Derek Schmidt R KS 70%
Bradley S. Schneider D IL 10%
Hillary J. Scholten D MI 20%
Kim Schrier D WA 10%
David Schweikert R AZ 70%
Austin Scott R GA 70%
David Scott D GA 13%
Robert C. Scott D VA 20%
Keith Self R TX 90%
Pete Sessions R TX 70%
Terri A. Sewell D AL 10%
Brad Sherman D CA 11%
Jefferson Shreve R IN 70%
Lateefah Simon D CA 20%
Michael K. Simpson R ID 50%
Adam Smith D WA 11%
Adrian Smith R NE 60%
Christopher H. Smith R NJ 70%
Jason T. Smith R MO 70%
Lloyd Smucker R PA 60%
Eric Sorensen D IL 10%
Darren Soto D FL 10%
Victoria K. Spartz R IN 80%
Melanie Ann Stansbury D NM 20%
Greg Stanton D AZ 20%
Pete Stauber R MN 70%
Elise Stefanik R NY 50%
Bryan Steil R WI 70%
Greg Steube R FL 89%
Haley Stevens D MI 20%
Marilyn Strickland D WA 11%
Dale W. Strong R AL 60%
Marlin A. Stutzman R IN 78%
Suhas Subramanyam D VA 20%
Thomas R. Suozzi D NY 10%
Eric Swalwell D CA 25%
Emilia Strong Sykes D OH 11%
Mark Takano D CA 20%
David Taylor R OH 60%
Claudia Tenney R NY 60%
Shri Thanedar D MI 22%
Bennie G. Thompson D MS 22%
Glenn Thompson R PA 44%
Mike Thompson D CA 20%
Tom Tiffany R WI 90%
William R. Timmons R SC 70%
Dina Titus D NV 22%
Rashida Tlaib D MI 22%
Jill N. Tokuda D HI 20%
Paul D. Tonko D NY 20%
Norma J. Torres D CA 20%
Ritchie John Torres D NY 20%
Lori Trahan D MA 10%
Derek Tran D CA 20%
Michael R. Turner R OH 30%
Lauren A. Underwood D IL 20%
David G. Valadao R CA 40%
Jeff Van Drew R NJ 70%
Elizabeth Ann Van Duyne R TX 70%
Matt Van Epps R TN 70%
Derrick Van Orden R WI 44%
Juan Vargas D CA 20%
Gabe Vasquez D NM 20%
Marc A. Veasey D TX 20%
Nydia M. Velazquez D NY 22%
Eugene Simon Vindman D VA 30%
Ann Wagner R MO 60%
Tim Walberg R MI 60%
James R. Walkinshaw D VA 10%
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D FL 10%
Maxine Waters D CA 11%
Bonnie Watson Coleman D NJ 20%
Randy K. Weber R TX 70%
Daniel Webster R FL 60%
Bruce Westerman R AR 60%
George Whitesides D CA 10%
Tony Wied R WI 70%
Nikema Williams D GA 20%
Roger Williams R TX 70%
Frederica S. Wilson D FL 13%
Joe Wilson R SC 50%
Robert J. Wittman R VA 40%
Steve Womack R AR 50%
Rudolph Yakym R IN 70%
Ryan Zinke R MT 60%

Average Freedom Score by Party

PartyScore
Democrat15.9%
Republican64%
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