Freedom Index 115-4

Our final (fourth) look at the 115th Congress shows how every member of the House and Senate voted on such key issues as a carbon tax (House), tax cuts (House), and farm and food programs (Senate).

Share this Freedom Index in your district to inform people about the constitutionality of their elected officials' votes.

House Votes

31. Law Enforcement Partnership Grants

Authorizes $50 million a year from 2019-2021 for the Project Safe Neighborhoods Block Grant Program.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 3249

32. Emissions Standards

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to regulate the environment in general, let alone regulate methane emissions that accompany oil and natural gas production, processing, and distribution.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 6147

33. Carbon Tax

Declares that a carbon tax would be "detrimental to American families and businesses" and "not in the best interest of the United States."
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.Con.Res.119

34. Medical Device Tax Repeal

This particular excise tax was put in place to help pay for an unconstitutional program - the Affordable Care Act, aka ObamaCare. Repealing part of the funding for such an unconstitutional federal healthcare program is a good thing and should be supported.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 184

35. Flood Insurance

The Constitution does not give the federal government authority to get into the insurance business. Having the federal government as an insurer essentially subsidizes risky behavior, such as building in flood-, fire-, and earthquake-prone areas, and forces the taxpayer to pick up the tab. Insurance policies for natural disasters should be offered by private insurers, with the market setting the rates for such coverage.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
S. 1182

36. Appropriations for Defense, Labor-HHS-Education, and Continuing Appropriations

Would provide $855.1 billion in discretionary funding for fiscal 2019.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$10,403.00/year
H.R. 6157

37. FAA Reauthorization and Supplemental Disaster Appropriations

Reauthorizes appropriations for the FAA and TSA, as well as $1.7 billion for Hurricane Florence disaster relief.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$13,168.00/year
H.R. 302 See Article I Section 8

38. Tax Cuts

Would make permanent the tax cuts for individuals in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 that were set to expire at the end of 2025.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 6760

39. Opioid Abuse Prevention and Health Programs

Expands Medicare and Medicaid to cover medication-assisted treatment for substance abuse.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 6

40. Gray Wolves

Decisions regarding human interaction with various animal species, if handled by government at all, should be handled at the state and local levels. The U.S. Constitution does not give the federal government the authority to declare animals endangered and thus off-limits to hunt or otherwise manage. The growing gray wolf population has been a menace to farmers and ranchers in many states, and farmers are not allowed to protect their own property owing to federal regulations. Working to overturn such regulations is a good thing.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 6784

How did they vote?

Legend: Constitutional Unconstitutional Did not vote
Name Party State Score 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ralph Abraham R LA 60%
Alma S. Adams D NC 0%
Robert Aderholt R AL 50%
Pete Aguilar D CA 13%
Rick W. Allen R GA 50%
Justin Amash L MI 90%
Mark E. Amodei R NV 50%
Jodey Cook Arrington R TX 50%
Brian Babin R TX 50%
Don Bacon R NE 50%
Troy Balderson R OH 40%
Jim Banks R IN 70%
Lou Barletta R PA 50%
Andy Barr R KY 50%
Nanette Diaz Barragan D CA 10%
Joe Barton R TX 71%
Karen Bass D CA 0%
Joyce Beatty D OH 0%
Ami Bera D CA 10%
Jack Bergman R MI 44%
Jaime Herrera Beutler R WA 50%
Don S. Beyer D VA 0%
Andy Biggs R AZ 100%
Gus M. Bilirakis R FL 56%
Mike Bishop R MI 44%
Rob Bishop R UT 50%
Sanford D. Bishop D GA 40%
Diane Black R TN 20%
Marsha Blackburn R TN 50%
Rod Blum R IA 50%
Earl Blumenauer D OR 10%
Suzanne Bonamici D OR 0%
Mike Bost R IL 50%
Brendan F. Boyle D PA 10%
Kevin Brady R TX 44%
Robert Brady D PA 0%
David Brat R VA 70%
Mo Brooks R AL 60%
Susan Brooks R IN 50%
Anthony Brown D MD 0%
Julia Brownley D CA 11%
Vern Buchanan R FL 40%
Ken Buck R CO 90%
Larry Bucshon R IN 50%
Ted Budd R NC 70%
Michael Burgess R TX 50%
Cheri Bustos D IL 10%
George Butterfield D NC 0%
Bradley Byrne R AL 50%
Ken Calvert R CA 50%
Michael Capuano D MA 0%
Salud O. Carbajal D CA 10%
Tony Cardenas D CA 13%
Andre Carson D IN 0%
Earl L. Carter R GA 50%
John R. Carter R TX 50%
Matthew Cartwright D PA 0%
Kathy Castor D FL 0%
Joaquin Castro D TX 0%
Steve Chabot R OH 70%
Liz Cheney R WY 67%
Judy Chu D CA 0%
David Cicilline D RI 0%
Katherine M. Clark D MA 10%
Yvette D. Clarke D NY 0%
Lacy Clay D MO 0%
Emanuel Cleaver D MO 0%
Michael Cloud R TX 67%
James E. Clyburn D SC 0%
Mike Coffman R CO 40%
Steve Cohen D TN 0%
Tom Cole R OK 50%
Chris Collins R NY 50%
Doug Collins R GA 50%
James Comer R KY 50%
Barbara Comstock R VA 44%
K. Conaway R TX 60%
Gerry Connolly D VA 0%
Paul Cook R CA 50%
Jim Cooper D TN 10%
Luis Correa D CA 10%
Jim Costa D CA 10%
Ryan Costello R PA 22%
Joe Courtney D CT 0%
Kevin Cramer R ND 56%
Eric A. Crawford R AR 50%
Charlie Crist D FL 10%
Joseph Crowley D NY 0%
Henry Cuellar D TX 40%
John Culberson R TX 44%
Elijah Cummings D MD 0%
Carlos Curbelo R FL 20%
John Curtis R UT 60%
Warren Davidson R OH 80%
Danny K. Davis D IL 0%
Rodney Davis R IL 50%
Susan Davis D CA 10%
Peter DeFazio D OR 0%
Diana DeGette D CO 0%
John Delaney D MD 10%
Rosa L. DeLauro D CT 0%
Suzan DelBene D WA 10%
Val Demings D FL 0%
Jeff Denham R CA 44%
Ron DeSantis R FL 50%
Mark DeSaulnier D CA 10%
Scott DesJarlais R TN 60%
Theodore Deutch D FL 0%
Mario Diaz-Balart R FL 50%
Debbie Dingell D MI 10%
Lloyd Doggett D TX 0%
Daniel Donovan R NY 30%
Michael Doyle D PA 0%
Sean Duffy R WI 70%
Jeff Duncan R SC 78%
John Duncan R TN 70%
Neal P. Dunn R FL 50%
Keith Ellison D MN 0%
Tom Emmer R MN 70%
Eliot Engel D NY 0%
Anna Eshoo D CA 0%
Adriano Espaillat D NY 0%
Ron Estes R KS 50%
Elizabeth Esty D CT 0%
Dwight Evans D PA 0%
John Faso R NY 30%
Drew Ferguson R GA 50%
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R PA 20%
Charles J. Fleischmann R TN 50%
Bill Flores R TX 50%
Jeff Fortenberry R NE 56%
Bill Foster D IL 0%
Virginia Foxx R NC 70%
Lois Frankel D FL 0%
Rodney Frelinghuysen R NJ 40%
Marcia Fudge D OH 0%
Tulsi Gabbard D HI 14%
Matt Gaetz R FL 67%
Mike Gallagher R WI 60%
Ruben Gallego D AZ 0%
John Garamendi D CA 0%
Thomas Garrett R VA 89%
Greg Gianforte R MT 60%
Bob Gibbs R OH 50%
Louie Gohmert R TX 89%
Jimmy Gomez D CA 0%
Vicente Gonzalez D TX 30%
Bob Goodlatte R VA 50%
Paul A. Gosar R AZ 100%
Josh Gottheimer D NJ 11%
Trey Gowdy R SC 44%
Kay Granger R TX 50%
Garret Graves R LA 50%
Sam Graves R MO 44%
Tom Graves R GA 50%
Al Green D TX 0%
Gene Green D TX 20%
H. Morgan Griffith R VA 60%
Raul M. Grijalva D AZ 0%
Michelle Lujan Grisham D NM 0%
Glenn Grothman R WI 60%
Brett Guthrie R KY 50%
Luis Gutierrez D IL 0%
Colleen Hanabusa D HI 0%
Karen Handel R GA 50%
Gregg Harper R MS 50%
Andy Harris R MD 70%
Vicky Hartzler R MO 44%
Alcee Hastings D FL 0%
Denny Heck D WA 0%
Jeb Hensarling R TX 78%
Kevin Hern R OK N/A
Jody Hice R GA 70%
Brian Higgins D NY 0%
Clay Higgins R LA 60%
French Hill R AR 50%
James A. Himes D CT 0%
George Holding R NC 56%
Trey Hollingsworth R IN 60%
Steny H. Hoyer D MD 0%
Richard Hudson R NC 60%
Jared Huffman D CA 0%
Bill Huizenga R MI 50%
Randy Hultgren R IL 44%
Duncan Hunter R CA 43%
Will Hurd R TX 50%
Darrell E. Issa R CA 50%
Sheila Jackson-Lee D TX 0%
Pramila Jayapal D WA 11%
Hakeem S. Jeffries D NY 0%
Evan Jenkins R WV 57%
Lynn Jenkins R KS 44%
Bill Johnson R OH 50%
Eddie Johnson D TX 0%
Henry C. Johnson D GA 0%
Mike Johnson R LA 60%
Sam Johnson R TX 60%
Jim Jordan R OH 90%
David Joyce R OH 44%
Walter Jones Jr. R NC 50%
Marcy Kaptur D OH 0%
John Katko R NY 30%
William R. Keating D MA 10%
Mike Kelly R PA 60%
Robin Kelly D IL 0%
Trent Kelly R MS 70%
Joseph Kennedy D MA 0%
Ro Khanna D CA 30%
Ruben Kihuen D NV 0%
Daniel Kildee D MI 0%
Derek Kilmer D WA 10%
Ron Kind D WI 10%
Peter King R NY 33%
Steve King R IA 60%
Adam Kinzinger R IL 50%
Steve Knight R CA 50%
Raja Krishnamoorthi D IL 10%
Ann Kuster D NH 10%
David Kustoff R TN 50%
Raul Labrador R ID 100%
Darin LaHood R IL 50%
Doug LaMalfa R CA 50%
Conor Lamb D PA 30%
Doug Lamborn R CO 70%
Leonard Lance R NJ 20%
James Langevin D RI 0%
Rick Larsen D WA 0%
John B. Larson D CT 0%
Robert E. Latta R OH 50%
Brenda Lawrence D MI 0%
Al Lawson D FL 11%
Barbara Lee D CA 0%
Debbie Lesko R AZ 60%
Sander Levin D MI 0%
Jason Lewis R MN 50%
John Lewis D GA 0%
Ted Lieu D CA 10%
Daniel Lipinski D IL 10%
Frank LoBiondo R NJ 30%
David Loebsack D IA 10%
Zoe Lofgren D CA 0%
Billy Long R MO 44%
Barry Loudermilk R GA 60%
Mia Love R UT 44%
Alan Lowenthal D CA 0%
Nita Lowey D NY 0%
Frank D. Lucas R OK 50%
Blaine Luetkemeyer R MO 60%
Ben Ray Lujan D NM 0%
Stephen F. Lynch D MA 13%
Tom MacArthur R NJ 50%
Carolyn Maloney D NY 0%
Sean Maloney D NY 10%
Kenny Marchant R TX 60%
Tom Marino R PA 50%
Roger Marshall R KS 50%
Thomas Massie R KY 100%
Brian J. Mast R FL 40%
Doris O. Matsui D CA 0%
Kevin McCarthy R CA 50%
Michael T. McCaul R TX 50%
Tom McClintock R CA 100%
Betty McCollum D MN 0%
A. McEachin D VA 0%
James P. McGovern D MA 0%
Patrick McHenry R NC 50%
David McKinley R WV 50%
Jerry McNerney D CA 0%
Martha McSally R AZ 50%
Mark Meadows R NC 60%
Gregory W. Meeks D NY 0%
Grace Meng D NY 0%
Luke Messer R IN 60%
Paul Mitchell R MI 50%
John R. Moolenaar R MI 50%
Alex Mooney R WV 70%
Gwen Moore D WI 13%
Joseph D. Morelle D NY N/A
Seth Moulton D MA 13%
Markwayne Mullin R OK 60%
Stephanie Murphy D FL 20%
Jerry Nadler D NY 0%
Grace Napolitano D CA 0%
Richard E. Neal D MA 0%
Dan Newhouse R WA 50%
Kristi Noem R SD 50%
Richard Nolan D MN 20%
Donald Norcross D NJ 10%
Ralph W. Norman R SC 70%
Devin Nunes R CA 44%
Tom O'Halleran D AZ 20%
Beto O'Rourke D TX 0%
Pete Olson R TX 50%
Steven Palazzo R MS 56%
Frank Pallone D NJ 0%
Gary J. Palmer R AL 70%
Jimmy Panetta D CA 20%
Bill Pascrell D NJ 0%
Erik Paulsen R MN 44%
Donald Payne D NJ 0%
Stevan Pearce R NM 50%
Nancy Pelosi D CA 0%
Ed Perlmutter D CO 0%
Scott Perry R PA 70%
Scott H. Peters D CA 13%
Collin Peterson D MN 25%
Chellie Pingree D ME 0%
Robert Pittenger R NC 50%
Mark Pocan D WI 0%
Ted Poe R TX 44%
Bruce Poliquin R ME 50%
Jared Polis D CO 13%
Bill Posey R FL 50%
David Price D NC 0%
Mike Quigley D IL 0%
Jamie Raskin D MD 0%
John Ratcliffe R TX 67%
Tom Reed R NY 50%
David Reichert R WA 40%
James Renacci R OH 56%
Kathleen Rice D NY 11%
Tom Rice R SC 50%
Cedric Richmond D LA 0%
Martha Roby R AL 44%
Lisa Blunt Rochester D DE 0%
Cathy McMorris Rodgers R WA 50%
David Roe R TN 50%
Harold Rogers R KY 50%
Mike D. Rogers R AL 50%
Dana Rohrabacher R CA 60%
Todd Rokita R IN 83%
Francis Rooney R FL 33%
Thomas Rooney R FL 44%
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R FL 22%
Jacky Rosen D NV 20%
Peter Roskam R IL 33%
Dennis Ross R FL 56%
Keith Rothfus R PA 60%
David Rouzer R NC 50%
Lucille Roybal-Allard D CA 0%
Edward Royce R CA 56%
Raul Ruiz D CA 10%
Dutch Ruppersberger D MD 0%
Bobby Rush D IL 0%
Steve Russell R OK 50%
John H. Rutherford R FL 50%
Paul Ryan R WI N/A
Tim Ryan D OH 0%
Linda T. Sanchez D CA 0%
Marshall Sanford R SC 60%
John Sarbanes D MD 0%
Steve Scalise R LA 50%
Mary Scanlon D PA N/A
Janice D. Schakowsky D IL 0%
Adam Schiff D CA 0%
Bradley S. Schneider D IL 10%
Kurt Schrader D OR 0%
David Schweikert R AZ 60%
Austin Scott R GA 50%
David Scott D GA 10%
Robert C. Scott D VA 0%
Jim Sensenbrenner R WI 78%
José Serrano D NY 0%
Pete Sessions R TX 50%
Terri A. Sewell D AL 10%
Carol Shea-Porter D NH 0%
Brad Sherman D CA 0%
John Shimkus R IL 50%
Bill Shuster R PA 38%
Michael K. Simpson R ID 56%
Kyrsten Sinema D AZ 33%
Albio Sires D NJ 10%
Adam Smith D WA 0%
Adrian Smith R NE 70%
Christopher H. Smith R NJ 20%
Jason T. Smith R MO 67%
Lamar Smith R TX 56%
Lloyd Smucker R PA 60%
Darren Soto D FL 0%
Jackie Speier D CA 17%
Elise Stefanik R NY 30%
Chris Stewart R UT 50%
Steve Stivers R OH 44%
Thomas R. Suozzi D NY 20%
Eric Swalwell D CA 11%
Mark Takano D CA 0%
Scott Taylor R VA 50%
Claudia Tenney R NY 50%
Bennie G. Thompson D MS 0%
Glenn Thompson R PA 50%
Mike Thompson D CA 0%
Mac Thornberry R TX 50%
Scott Tipton R CO 50%
Dina Titus D NV 0%
Paul D. Tonko D NY 10%
Norma J. Torres D CA 10%
Dave Trott R MI 50%
Niki Tsongas D MA 0%
Michael R. Turner R OH 50%
Fred Upton R MI 33%
David G. Valadao R CA 50%
Juan Vargas D CA 10%
Marc A. Veasey D TX 10%
Filemon Vela D TX 20%
Nydia M. Velazquez D NY 0%
Peter Visclosky D IN 0%
Ann Wagner R MO 60%
Tim Walberg R MI 50%
Greg Walden R OR 50%
Bradley Walker R NC 70%
Jackie Walorski R IN 50%
Mimi Walters R CA 50%
Timothy Walz D MN N/A
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D FL 0%
Maxine Waters D CA 0%
Bonnie Watson Coleman D NJ 0%
Randy K. Weber R TX 50%
Daniel Webster R FL 60%
Peter Welch D VT 0%
Brad Wenstrup R OH 60%
Bruce Westerman R AR 60%
Roger Williams R TX 57%
Frederica S. Wilson D FL 0%
Joe Wilson R SC 50%
Robert J. Wittman R VA 50%
Steve Womack R AR 50%
Rob Woodall R GA 50%
John Yarmuth D KY 0%
Kevin Yoder R KS 44%
Ted Yoho R FL 56%
David Young R IA 50%
Don Young R AK 50%
Lee Zeldin R NY 40%

Average Freedom Score by Party

PartyScore
Democrat4.8%
Libertarian90%
Republican53.5%
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