Freedom Index 115-3

Our third look at the 115th Congress shows how every member of the House and Senate voted on key issues such as the $1.3 trillion omnibus spending bill, warrantless surveillance, raw milk (House), and illegal immigration (Senate).

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House Votes

21. Warrantless Surveillance

To end NSA collection of communications data that is neither to nor from an approved foreign target, but rather communications "about" a foreign target entirely between American citizens.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
S.139 Roll Call 14 Rejected 183 to 233 on Jan 11, 2018 See First Amendment and Fourth Amendment

22. Warrantless Surveillance

Would reauthorize the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) through 2023, allowing secret FISA Court-approved surveillance of American citizens.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
S.139 Roll Call 16 Passed 256 to 164 on Jan 11, 2018 See First Amendment and Fourth Amendment

23. World Bank

Would authorize $3.29 billion in foreign aid to the World Bank International Development Association.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 3326 Passed 237 to 184 on Jan 17, 2018 See Article I Section 8, Article I Section 9, and 10th Amendment

24. School Violence

Would authorize $75 million a year through 2028 for the Justice Department's Secure Our Schools grant program.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 4909 Passed 407 to 10 on Mar 14, 2018 See Article I Section 8 and 10th Amendment

25. Omnibus Appropriations

Would provide $1.3 trillion in wasteful and unconstitutional government spending.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$10,189.00/year
H.R. 1625 Passed 256 to 167 on Mar 22, 2018 See Article I Section 8 and Article I Section 9

26. Agricultural Crop Subsidies

Would have phased out agricultural crop subsidies by fiscal year 2030.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 2 Roll Call 194 Rejected 34 to 380 on May 17, 2018 See Article I Section 8 and Article I Section 9

27. Raw Milk

The U.S. Constitution does not give the federal government any authority over what foods a person chooses to consume. In other words, it is illegal for the federal government to make raw milk illegal. While the federal government does have authority to "regulate Commerce … among the several States," there is no reason for federal interference in a scenario such as this, where a product is legally sold in each of the states in question.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 2 Roll Call 201 Rejected 79 to 331 on May 18, 2018 See Article I Section 8 and 10th Amendment

28. Waters of the United States

To repeal the Environmental Protection Agency's 2015 "Waters of the United States" rule.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 2 Roll Call 203 Passed 238 to 173 on May 18, 2018 See Article I Section 8 and 10th Amendment

29. Experimental Drugs

Would allow patients with life-threatening conditions to seek access to experimental drugs directly from a manufacturer without FDA approval.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
S. 204 Passed 250 to 169 on May 22, 2018 See Article I Section 8, 10th Amendment, Ninth Amendment, and Fifth Amendment

30. Appropriations Cuts

Would cut nearly $15 billion from previously approved, unspent, and wasteful spending.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes Benefit per household: +$118.00/year
H.R. 3 Passed 210 to 206 on Jun 7, 2018 See Article I Section 8, Article I Section 9, and 10th Amendment

How did they vote?

Legend: Constitutional Unconstitutional Did not vote
Name Party State Score 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ralph Abraham R LA 40%
Alma S. Adams D NC 13%
Robert Aderholt R AL 30%
Pete Aguilar D CA 20%
Rick W. Allen R GA 40%
Justin Amash L MI 100%
Mark E. Amodei R NV 30%
Jodey Cook Arrington R TX 30%
Brian Babin R TX 50%
Don Bacon R NE 30%
Jim Banks R IN 50%
Lou Barletta R PA 40%
Andy Barr R KY 30%
Nanette Diaz Barragan D CA 40%
Joe Barton R TX 60%
Karen Bass D CA 44%
Joyce Beatty D OH 33%
Ami Bera D CA 10%
Jack Bergman R MI 40%
Jaime Herrera Beutler R WA 70%
Don S. Beyer D VA 33%
Andy Biggs R AZ 90%
Gus M. Bilirakis R FL 30%
Mike Bishop R MI 30%
Rob Bishop R UT 60%
Sanford D. Bishop D GA 30%
Diane Black R TN 56%
Marsha Blackburn R TN 67%
Rod Blum R IA 60%
Earl Blumenauer D OR 50%
Suzanne Bonamici D OR 30%
Mike Bost R IL 30%
Brendan F. Boyle D PA 43%
Kevin Brady R TX 33%
Robert Brady D PA 30%
David Brat R VA 70%
Jim Bridenstine R OK 0%
Mo Brooks R AL 70%
Susan Brooks R IN 30%
Anthony Brown D MD 14%
Julia Brownley D CA 10%
Vern Buchanan R FL 20%
Ken Buck R CO 57%
Larry Bucshon R IN 30%
Ted Budd R NC 80%
Michael Burgess R TX 50%
Cheri Bustos D IL 20%
George Butterfield D NC 30%
Bradley Byrne R AL 30%
Ken Calvert R CA 30%
Michael Capuano D MA 40%
Salud O. Carbajal D CA 14%
Tony Cardenas D CA 44%
Andre Carson D IN 22%
Earl L. Carter R GA 30%
John R. Carter R TX 30%
Matthew Cartwright D PA 10%
Kathy Castor D FL 10%
Joaquin Castro D TX 30%
Steve Chabot R OH 40%
Liz Cheney R WY 40%
Judy Chu D CA 40%
David Cicilline D RI 30%
Katherine M. Clark D MA 40%
Yvette D. Clarke D NY 40%
Lacy Clay D MO 43%
Emanuel Cleaver D MO 33%
James E. Clyburn D SC 20%
Mike Coffman R CO 50%
Steve Cohen D TN 40%
Tom Cole R OK 30%
Chris Collins R NY 30%
Doug Collins R GA 30%
James Comer R KY 60%
Barbara Comstock R VA 30%
K. Conaway R TX 30%
Gerry Connolly D VA 30%
Paul Cook R CA 40%
Jim Cooper D TN 30%
Luis Correa D CA 40%
Jim Costa D CA 20%
Ryan Costello R PA 20%
Joe Courtney D CT 30%
Kevin Cramer R ND 44%
Eric A. Crawford R AR 30%
Charlie Crist D FL 20%
Joseph Crowley D NY 40%
Henry Cuellar D TX 20%
John Culberson R TX 40%
Elijah Cummings D MD 0%
Carlos Curbelo R FL 25%
John Curtis R UT 50%
Warren Davidson R OH 70%
Danny K. Davis D IL 38%
Rodney Davis R IL 40%
Susan Davis D CA 30%
Peter DeFazio D OR 30%
Diana DeGette D CO 40%
John Delaney D MD 10%
Rosa L. DeLauro D CT 30%
Suzan DelBene D WA 30%
Val Demings D FL 10%
Jeff Denham R CA 40%
Charles Dent R PA 0%
Ron DeSantis R FL 60%
Mark DeSaulnier D CA 25%
Scott DesJarlais R TN 50%
Theodore Deutch D FL 20%
Mario Diaz-Balart R FL 20%
Debbie Dingell D MI 30%
Lloyd Doggett D TX 40%
Daniel Donovan R NY 30%
Michael Doyle D PA 30%
Sean Duffy R WI 40%
Jeff Duncan R SC 70%
John Duncan R TN 90%
Neal P. Dunn R FL 30%
Keith Ellison D MN 40%
Tom Emmer R MN 60%
Eliot Engel D NY 40%
Anna Eshoo D CA 30%
Adriano Espaillat D NY 40%
Ron Estes R KS 30%
Elizabeth Esty D CT 20%
Dwight Evans D PA 30%
Blake Farenthold R TX 60%
John Faso R NY 30%
Drew Ferguson R GA 30%
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R PA 10%
Charles J. Fleischmann R TN 30%
Bill Flores R TX 30%
Jeff Fortenberry R NE 30%
Bill Foster D IL 20%
Virginia Foxx R NC 40%
Lois Frankel D FL 10%
Rodney Frelinghuysen R NJ 33%
Marcia Fudge D OH 30%
Tulsi Gabbard D HI 50%
Matt Gaetz R FL 70%
Mike Gallagher R WI 30%
Ruben Gallego D AZ 44%
John Garamendi D CA 10%
Thomas Garrett R VA 80%
Greg Gianforte R MT 50%
Bob Gibbs R OH 30%
Louie Gohmert R TX 86%
Jimmy Gomez D CA 40%
Vicente Gonzalez D TX 40%
Bob Goodlatte R VA 30%
Paul A. Gosar R AZ 80%
Josh Gottheimer D NJ 10%
Trey Gowdy R SC 30%
Kay Granger R TX 30%
Garret Graves R LA 70%
Sam Graves R MO 30%
Tom Graves R GA 40%
Al Green D TX 30%
Gene Green D TX 30%
H. Morgan Griffith R VA 70%
Raul M. Grijalva D AZ 40%
Michelle Lujan Grisham D NM 30%
Glenn Grothman R WI 50%
Brett Guthrie R KY 40%
Luis Gutierrez D IL 40%
Colleen Hanabusa D HI 13%
Karen Handel R GA 30%
Gregg Harper R MS 30%
Andy Harris R MD 80%
Vicky Hartzler R MO 30%
Alcee Hastings D FL 30%
Denny Heck D WA 20%
Jeb Hensarling R TX 40%
Jody Hice R GA 60%
Brian Higgins D NY 10%
Clay Higgins R LA 44%
French Hill R AR 30%
James A. Himes D CT 10%
George Holding R NC 40%
Trey Hollingsworth R IN 40%
Steny H. Hoyer D MD 20%
Richard Hudson R NC 30%
Jared Huffman D CA 44%
Bill Huizenga R MI 40%
Randy Hultgren R IL 30%
Duncan Hunter R CA 30%
Will Hurd R TX 20%
Darrell E. Issa R CA 60%
Sheila Jackson-Lee D TX 40%
Pramila Jayapal D WA 40%
Hakeem S. Jeffries D NY 30%
Evan Jenkins R WV 40%
Lynn Jenkins R KS 30%
Bill Johnson R OH 30%
Eddie Johnson D TX 30%
Henry C. Johnson D GA 50%
Mike Johnson R LA 60%
Sam Johnson R TX 40%
Jim Jordan R OH 90%
David Joyce R OH 30%
Walter Jones Jr. R NC 89%
Marcy Kaptur D OH 20%
John Katko R NY 22%
William R. Keating D MA 20%
Mike Kelly R PA 30%
Robin Kelly D IL 30%
Trent Kelly R MS 50%
Joseph Kennedy D MA 40%
Ro Khanna D CA 40%
Ruben Kihuen D NV 40%
Daniel Kildee D MI 30%
Derek Kilmer D WA 20%
Ron Kind D WI 29%
Peter King R NY 30%
Steve King R IA 40%
Adam Kinzinger R IL 30%
Steve Knight R CA 30%
Raja Krishnamoorthi D IL 20%
Ann Kuster D NH 20%
David Kustoff R TN 30%
Raul Labrador R ID 86%
Darin LaHood R IL 40%
Doug LaMalfa R CA 40%
Conor Lamb D PA 20%
Doug Lamborn R CO 50%
Leonard Lance R NJ 30%
James Langevin D RI 10%
Rick Larsen D WA 30%
John B. Larson D CT 40%
Robert E. Latta R OH 40%
Brenda Lawrence D MI 30%
Al Lawson D FL 10%
Barbara Lee D CA 50%
Debbie Lesko R AZ 100%
Sander Levin D MI 30%
Jason Lewis R MN 60%
John Lewis D GA 33%
Ted Lieu D CA 71%
Daniel Lipinski D IL 0%
Frank LoBiondo R NJ 40%
David Loebsack D IA 10%
Zoe Lofgren D CA 50%
Billy Long R MO 44%
Barry Loudermilk R GA 80%
Mia Love R UT 40%
Alan Lowenthal D CA 40%
Nita Lowey D NY 10%
Frank D. Lucas R OK 30%
Blaine Luetkemeyer R MO 30%
Ben Ray Lujan D NM 40%
Stephen F. Lynch D MA 40%
Tom MacArthur R NJ 20%
Carolyn Maloney D NY 40%
Sean Maloney D NY 20%
Kenny Marchant R TX 40%
Tom Marino R PA 40%
Roger Marshall R KS 30%
Thomas Massie R KY 90%
Brian J. Mast R FL 40%
Doris O. Matsui D CA 40%
Kevin McCarthy R CA 30%
Michael T. McCaul R TX 30%
Tom McClintock R CA 90%
Betty McCollum D MN 30%
A. McEachin D VA 10%
James P. McGovern D MA 40%
Patrick McHenry R NC 50%
David McKinley R WV 20%
Jerry McNerney D CA 38%
Martha McSally R AZ 40%
Mark Meadows R NC 78%
Patrick Meehan R PA 0%
Gregory W. Meeks D NY 20%
Grace Meng D NY 30%
Luke Messer R IN 40%
Paul Mitchell R MI 30%
John R. Moolenaar R MI 30%
Alex Mooney R WV 80%
Gwen Moore D WI 40%
Seth Moulton D MA 20%
Markwayne Mullin R OK 50%
Stephanie Murphy D FL 0%
Jerry Nadler D NY 30%
Grace Napolitano D CA 40%
Richard E. Neal D MA 30%
Dan Newhouse R WA 40%
Kristi Noem R SD 50%
Richard Nolan D MN 38%
Donald Norcross D NJ 25%
Ralph W. Norman R SC 70%
Devin Nunes R CA 30%
Tom O'Halleran D AZ 20%
Beto O'Rourke D TX 40%
Pete Olson R TX 30%
Steven Palazzo R MS 22%
Frank Pallone D NJ 40%
Gary J. Palmer R AL 50%
Jimmy Panetta D CA 20%
Bill Pascrell D NJ 22%
Erik Paulsen R MN 30%
Donald Payne D NJ 30%
Stevan Pearce R NM 56%
Nancy Pelosi D CA 10%
Ed Perlmutter D CO 30%
Scott Perry R PA 90%
Scott H. Peters D CA 0%
Collin Peterson D MN 30%
Chellie Pingree D ME 44%
Robert Pittenger R NC 30%
Mark Pocan D WI 40%
Ted Poe R TX 78%
Bruce Poliquin R ME 30%
Jared Polis D CO 67%
Bill Posey R FL 70%
David Price D NC 30%
Mike Quigley D IL 10%
Jamie Raskin D MD 40%
John Ratcliffe R TX 40%
Tom Reed R NY 40%
David Reichert R WA 30%
James Renacci R OH 40%
Kathleen Rice D NY 11%
Tom Rice R SC 50%
Cedric Richmond D LA 30%
Martha Roby R AL 30%
Lisa Blunt Rochester D DE 10%
Cathy McMorris Rodgers R WA 40%
David Roe R TN 40%
Harold Rogers R KY 17%
Mike D. Rogers R AL 30%
Dana Rohrabacher R CA 80%
Todd Rokita R IN 50%
Francis Rooney R FL 50%
Thomas Rooney R FL 30%
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R FL 33%
Jacky Rosen D NV 0%
Peter Roskam R IL 20%
Dennis Ross R FL 30%
Keith Rothfus R PA 50%
David Rouzer R NC 40%
Lucille Roybal-Allard D CA 40%
Edward Royce R CA 40%
Raul Ruiz D CA 10%
Dutch Ruppersberger D MD 10%
Bobby Rush D IL 38%
Steve Russell R OK 40%
John H. Rutherford R FL 30%
Paul Ryan R WI 0%
Tim Ryan D OH 30%
Linda T. Sanchez D CA 40%
Marshall Sanford R SC 100%
John Sarbanes D MD 30%
Steve Scalise R LA 57%
Janice D. Schakowsky D IL 40%
Adam Schiff D CA 20%
Bradley S. Schneider D IL 0%
Kurt Schrader D OR 30%
David Schweikert R AZ 70%
Austin Scott R GA 30%
David Scott D GA 30%
Robert C. Scott D VA 30%
Jim Sensenbrenner R WI 80%
José Serrano D NY 40%
Pete Sessions R TX 30%
Terri A. Sewell D AL 11%
Carol Shea-Porter D NH 30%
Brad Sherman D CA 20%
John Shimkus R IL 22%
Bill Shuster R PA 22%
Michael K. Simpson R ID 30%
Kyrsten Sinema D AZ 10%
Albio Sires D NJ 10%
Louise Slaughter D NY 67%
Adam Smith D WA 40%
Adrian Smith R NE 40%
Christopher H. Smith R NJ 20%
Jason T. Smith R MO 56%
Lamar Smith R TX 30%
Lloyd Smucker R PA 50%
Darren Soto D FL 40%
Jackie Speier D CA 57%
Elise Stefanik R NY 20%
Chris Stewart R UT 40%
Steve Stivers R OH 22%
Thomas R. Suozzi D NY 10%
Eric Swalwell D CA 20%
Mark Takano D CA 40%
Scott Taylor R VA 40%
Claudia Tenney R NY 30%
Bennie G. Thompson D MS 30%
Glenn Thompson R PA 30%
Mike Thompson D CA 20%
Mac Thornberry R TX 30%
Patrick Tiberi R OH N/A
Scott Tipton R CO 40%
Dina Titus D NV 40%
Paul D. Tonko D NY 30%
Norma J. Torres D CA 20%
Dave Trott R MI 30%
Niki Tsongas D MA 43%
Michael R. Turner R OH 20%
Fred Upton R MI 20%
David G. Valadao R CA 30%
Juan Vargas D CA 44%
Marc A. Veasey D TX 50%
Filemon Vela D TX 44%
Nydia M. Velazquez D NY 40%
Peter Visclosky D IN 20%
Ann Wagner R MO 30%
Tim Walberg R MI 30%
Greg Walden R OR 30%
Bradley Walker R NC 40%
Jackie Walorski R IN 20%
Mimi Walters R CA 22%
Timothy Walz D MN 75%
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D FL 10%
Maxine Waters D CA 30%
Bonnie Watson Coleman D NJ 50%
Randy K. Weber R TX 60%
Daniel Webster R FL 70%
Peter Welch D VT 40%
Brad Wenstrup R OH 30%
Bruce Westerman R AR 40%
Roger Williams R TX 50%
Frederica S. Wilson D FL 14%
Joe Wilson R SC 30%
Robert J. Wittman R VA 50%
Steve Womack R AR 30%
Rob Woodall R GA 50%
John Yarmuth D KY 40%
Kevin Yoder R KS 38%
Ted Yoho R FL 70%
David Young R IA 30%
Don Young R AK 40%
Lee Zeldin R NY 60%

Average Freedom Score by Party

PartyScore
Democrat29.3%
Libertarian100%
Republican42.1%
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