Freedom Index 115-2

Our second look at the 115th Congress shows how every member of the House and Senate voted on key issues such as NATO, ObamaCare, and tax cuts.

Share this Freedom Index in your district to inform people about the constitutionality of their elected officials' votes.

House Votes

11. Dodd-Frank Financial Regulations

Would overhaul financial industry regulations and repeal many provisions of the 2010 Dodd-Frank law.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 10

12. NATO

"[S]olemnly reaffirms" the U.S. commitment to NATO based on principle of "collective defense."
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.Res.397

13. Ozone Standards

This bill provides temporary relief from having to immediately implement the new ozone reduction standards. Ideally, the EPA should be abolished and the Clean Air Act repealed, since both are unconstitutional infringements on state responsibilities.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 806

14. Intelligence Authorization

Authorizes classified amounts of funding through fiscal 2018 for 16 U.S. intelligence agencies and intelligence-related activities, including the Office of the National Intelligence Director, the CIA, and the National Security Agency.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 3180

15. UN Human Rights Agencies

Prohibits the use of federal funds for making contributions to various UN human rights agencies.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 3354 See Article I Section 8

16. Fracking

Would effectively prohibit fracking in the Pacific outer continental shelf.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 3354 See Article I Section 8

17. Home Visitations

Going into homes to check up on the physical, emotional, and economic "wellness" of families not only goes way beyond the few and defined federal powers authorized by the Constitution, but also is part of a dangerous trend of government further interjecting itself into the family.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H R 2824

18. Abortion

Bans abortion when the age of the pre-born baby is 20 weeks or longer.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 36

19. Death Panel

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to interfere in healthcare, let alone ration it by deciding who should and should not receive medical care.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 849

20. Tax Cuts

Would cut the corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent and individual income tax rates through 2025, and effectively eliminate the tax penalty on Americans who do not purchase health insurance.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 1

How did they vote?

Legend: Constitutional Unconstitutional Did not vote
Name Party State Score 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ralph Abraham R LA 70%
Alma S. Adams D NC 10%
Robert Aderholt R AL 60%
Pete Aguilar D CA 22%
Rick W. Allen R GA 70%
Justin Amash L MI 80%
Mark E. Amodei R NV 60%
Jodey Cook Arrington R TX 80%
Brian Babin R TX 70%
Don Bacon R NE 70%
Jim Banks R IN 70%
Lou Barletta R PA 70%
Andy Barr R KY 70%
Nanette Diaz Barragan D CA 20%
Joe Barton R TX 70%
Karen Bass D CA 20%
Joyce Beatty D OH 20%
Ami Bera D CA 20%
Jack Bergman R MI 70%
Jaime Herrera Beutler R WA 70%
Don S. Beyer D VA 10%
Andy Biggs R AZ 90%
Gus M. Bilirakis R FL 63%
Mike Bishop R MI 70%
Rob Bishop R UT 70%
Sanford D. Bishop D GA 40%
Diane Black R TN 67%
Marsha Blackburn R TN 70%
Rod Blum R IA 70%
Earl Blumenauer D OR 20%
Suzanne Bonamici D OR 10%
Mike Bost R IL 70%
Brendan F. Boyle D PA 20%
Kevin Brady R TX 70%
Robert Brady D PA 10%
David Brat R VA 80%
Jim Bridenstine R OK 60%
Mo Brooks R AL 75%
Susan Brooks R IN 60%
Anthony Brown D MD 10%
Julia Brownley D CA 20%
Vern Buchanan R FL 63%
Ken Buck R CO 70%
Larry Bucshon R IN 60%
Ted Budd R NC 70%
Michael Burgess R TX 70%
Cheri Bustos D IL 20%
George Butterfield D NC 20%
Bradley Byrne R AL 70%
Ken Calvert R CA 70%
Michael Capuano D MA 30%
Salud O. Carbajal D CA 20%
Tony Cardenas D CA 20%
Andre Carson D IN 10%
Earl L. Carter R GA 70%
John R. Carter R TX 60%
Matthew Cartwright D PA 10%
Kathy Castor D FL 10%
Joaquin Castro D TX 20%
Steve Chabot R OH 70%
Jason Chaffetz R UT N/A
Liz Cheney R WY 70%
Judy Chu D CA 20%
David Cicilline D RI 10%
Katherine M. Clark D MA 20%
Yvette D. Clarke D NY 30%
Lacy Clay D MO 11%
Emanuel Cleaver D MO 10%
James E. Clyburn D SC 11%
Mike Coffman R CO 70%
Steve Cohen D TN 10%
Tom Cole R OK 60%
Chris Collins R NY 67%
Doug Collins R GA 70%
James Comer R KY 70%
Barbara Comstock R VA 70%
K. Conaway R TX 70%
Gerry Connolly D VA 20%
John Conyers D MI 22%
Paul Cook R CA 70%
Jim Cooper D TN 20%
Luis Correa D CA 20%
Jim Costa D CA 33%
Ryan Costello R PA 56%
Joe Courtney D CT 20%
Kevin Cramer R ND 60%
Eric A. Crawford R AR 70%
Charlie Crist D FL 25%
Joseph Crowley D NY 10%
Henry Cuellar D TX 40%
John Culberson R TX 70%
Elijah Cummings D MD 25%
Carlos Curbelo R FL 50%
John Curtis R UT N/A
Warren Davidson R OH 70%
Danny K. Davis D IL 11%
Rodney Davis R IL 70%
Susan Davis D CA 20%
Peter DeFazio D OR 22%
Diana DeGette D CO 25%
John Delaney D MD 10%
Rosa L. DeLauro D CT 11%
Suzan DelBene D WA 20%
Val Demings D FL 20%
Jeff Denham R CA 60%
Charles Dent R PA 50%
Ron DeSantis R FL 63%
Mark DeSaulnier D CA 10%
Scott DesJarlais R TN 70%
Theodore Deutch D FL 13%
Mario Diaz-Balart R FL 63%
Debbie Dingell D MI 10%
Lloyd Doggett D TX 10%
Daniel Donovan R NY 67%
Michael Doyle D PA 10%
Sean Duffy R WI 70%
Jeff Duncan R SC 70%
John Duncan R TN 100%
Neal P. Dunn R FL 67%
Keith Ellison D MN 20%
Tom Emmer R MN 70%
Eliot Engel D NY 22%
Anna Eshoo D CA 10%
Adriano Espaillat D NY 10%
Ron Estes R KS 70%
Elizabeth Esty D CT 20%
Dwight Evans D PA 10%
Blake Farenthold R TX 70%
John Faso R NY 50%
Drew Ferguson R GA 70%
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R PA 40%
Charles J. Fleischmann R TN 70%
Bill Flores R TX 70%
Jeff Fortenberry R NE 60%
Bill Foster D IL 10%
Virginia Foxx R NC 70%
Lois Frankel D FL 20%
Trent Franks R AZ 67%
Rodney Frelinghuysen R NJ 50%
Marcia Fudge D OH 10%
Tulsi Gabbard D HI 30%
Matt Gaetz R FL 80%
Mike Gallagher R WI 70%
Ruben Gallego D AZ 20%
John Garamendi D CA 10%
Thomas Garrett R VA 75%
Greg Gianforte R MT 67%
Bob Gibbs R OH 70%
Louie Gohmert R TX 70%
Jimmy Gomez D CA 38%
Vicente Gonzalez D TX 30%
Bob Goodlatte R VA 70%
Paul A. Gosar R AZ 80%
Josh Gottheimer D NJ 30%
Trey Gowdy R SC 70%
Kay Granger R TX 75%
Garret Graves R LA 70%
Sam Graves R MO 78%
Tom Graves R GA 70%
Al Green D TX 20%
Gene Green D TX 30%
H. Morgan Griffith R VA 80%
Raul M. Grijalva D AZ 20%
Michelle Lujan Grisham D NM 22%
Glenn Grothman R WI 70%
Brett Guthrie R KY 70%
Luis Gutierrez D IL 20%
Colleen Hanabusa D HI 0%
Karen Handel R GA 67%
Gregg Harper R MS 70%
Andy Harris R MD 80%
Vicky Hartzler R MO 70%
Alcee Hastings D FL 10%
Denny Heck D WA 10%
Jeb Hensarling R TX 70%
Jody Hice R GA 80%
Brian Higgins D NY 20%
Clay Higgins R LA 70%
French Hill R AR 70%
James A. Himes D CT 11%
George Holding R NC 70%
Trey Hollingsworth R IN 78%
Steny H. Hoyer D MD 10%
Richard Hudson R NC 70%
Jared Huffman D CA 20%
Bill Huizenga R MI 70%
Randy Hultgren R IL 60%
Duncan Hunter R CA 70%
Will Hurd R TX 70%
Darrell E. Issa R CA 60%
Sheila Jackson-Lee D TX 20%
Pramila Jayapal D WA 20%
Hakeem S. Jeffries D NY 10%
Evan Jenkins R WV 70%
Lynn Jenkins R KS 70%
Bill Johnson R OH 70%
Eddie Johnson D TX 0%
Henry C. Johnson D GA 30%
Mike Johnson R LA 70%
Sam Johnson R TX 75%
Jim Jordan R OH 80%
David Joyce R OH 70%
Walter Jones Jr. R NC 78%
Marcy Kaptur D OH 10%
John Katko R NY 70%
William R. Keating D MA 20%
Mike Kelly R PA 70%
Robin Kelly D IL 10%
Trent Kelly R MS 70%
Joseph Kennedy D MA 11%
Ro Khanna D CA 20%
Ruben Kihuen D NV 22%
Daniel Kildee D MI 10%
Derek Kilmer D WA 20%
Ron Kind D WI 10%
Peter King R NY 67%
Steve King R IA 70%
Adam Kinzinger R IL 60%
Steve Knight R CA 70%
Raja Krishnamoorthi D IL 20%
Ann Kuster D NH 20%
David Kustoff R TN 60%
Raul Labrador R ID 78%
Darin LaHood R IL 70%
Doug LaMalfa R CA 70%
Doug Lamborn R CO 70%
Leonard Lance R NJ 60%
James Langevin D RI 10%
Rick Larsen D WA 10%
John B. Larson D CT 22%
Robert E. Latta R OH 70%
Brenda Lawrence D MI 20%
Al Lawson D FL 13%
Barbara Lee D CA 20%
Sander Levin D MI 10%
Jason Lewis R MN 70%
John Lewis D GA 20%
Ted Lieu D CA 20%
Daniel Lipinski D IL 20%
Frank LoBiondo R NJ 50%
David Loebsack D IA 10%
Zoe Lofgren D CA 30%
Billy Long R MO 86%
Barry Loudermilk R GA 67%
Mia Love R UT 70%
Alan Lowenthal D CA 10%
Nita Lowey D NY 10%
Frank D. Lucas R OK 60%
Blaine Luetkemeyer R MO 70%
Ben Ray Lujan D NM 10%
Stephen F. Lynch D MA 20%
Tom MacArthur R NJ 60%
Carolyn Maloney D NY 11%
Sean Maloney D NY 20%
Kenny Marchant R TX 70%
Tom Marino R PA 67%
Roger Marshall R KS 70%
Thomas Massie R KY 100%
Brian J. Mast R FL 50%
Doris O. Matsui D CA 10%
Kevin McCarthy R CA 70%
Michael T. McCaul R TX 70%
Tom McClintock R CA 70%
Betty McCollum D MN 10%
A. McEachin D VA 10%
James P. McGovern D MA 20%
Patrick McHenry R NC 60%
David McKinley R WV 70%
Jerry McNerney D CA 20%
Martha McSally R AZ 70%
Mark Meadows R NC 70%
Patrick Meehan R PA 60%
Gregory W. Meeks D NY 20%
Grace Meng D NY 20%
Luke Messer R IN 70%
Paul Mitchell R MI 70%
John R. Moolenaar R MI 70%
Alex Mooney R WV 70%
Gwen Moore D WI 10%
Seth Moulton D MA 20%
Markwayne Mullin R OK 70%
Stephanie Murphy D FL 22%
Tim Murphy R PA 63%
Jerry Nadler D NY 10%
Grace Napolitano D CA 20%
Richard E. Neal D MA 10%
Dan Newhouse R WA 70%
Kristi Noem R SD 70%
Richard Nolan D MN 20%
Donald Norcross D NJ 20%
Ralph W. Norman R SC 67%
Devin Nunes R CA 67%
Tom O'Halleran D AZ 20%
Beto O'Rourke D TX 30%
Pete Olson R TX 70%
Steven Palazzo R MS 70%
Frank Pallone D NJ 10%
Gary J. Palmer R AL 70%
Jimmy Panetta D CA 20%
Bill Pascrell D NJ 20%
Erik Paulsen R MN 70%
Donald Payne D NJ 0%
Stevan Pearce R NM 70%
Nancy Pelosi D CA 10%
Ed Perlmutter D CO 10%
Scott Perry R PA 80%
Scott H. Peters D CA 11%
Collin Peterson D MN 40%
Chellie Pingree D ME 10%
Robert Pittenger R NC 70%
Mark Pocan D WI 25%
Ted Poe R TX 70%
Bruce Poliquin R ME 50%
Jared Polis D CO 20%
Bill Posey R FL 63%
David Price D NC 10%
Mike Quigley D IL 10%
Jamie Raskin D MD 10%
John Ratcliffe R TX 70%
Tom Reed R NY 70%
David Reichert R WA 56%
James Renacci R OH 75%
Kathleen Rice D NY 10%
Tom Rice R SC 60%
Cedric Richmond D LA 22%
Martha Roby R AL 60%
Lisa Blunt Rochester D DE 20%
Cathy McMorris Rodgers R WA 70%
David Roe R TN 70%
Harold Rogers R KY 60%
Mike D. Rogers R AL 70%
Dana Rohrabacher R CA 60%
Todd Rokita R IN 70%
Francis Rooney R FL 78%
Thomas Rooney R FL 60%
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R FL 57%
Jacky Rosen D NV 22%
Peter Roskam R IL 78%
Dennis Ross R FL 63%
Keith Rothfus R PA 70%
David Rouzer R NC 70%
Lucille Roybal-Allard D CA 10%
Edward Royce R CA 70%
Raul Ruiz D CA 20%
Dutch Ruppersberger D MD 20%
Bobby Rush D IL 20%
Steve Russell R OK 70%
John H. Rutherford R FL 63%
Paul Ryan R WI N/A
Tim Ryan D OH 10%
Linda T. Sanchez D CA 20%
Marshall Sanford R SC 60%
John Sarbanes D MD 10%
Steve Scalise R LA 100%
Janice D. Schakowsky D IL 20%
Adam Schiff D CA 10%
Bradley S. Schneider D IL 20%
Kurt Schrader D OR 10%
David Schweikert R AZ 70%
Austin Scott R GA 70%
David Scott D GA 11%
Robert C. Scott D VA 10%
Jim Sensenbrenner R WI 70%
José Serrano D NY 10%
Pete Sessions R TX 70%
Terri A. Sewell D AL 20%
Carol Shea-Porter D NH 20%
Brad Sherman D CA 10%
John Shimkus R IL 70%
Bill Shuster R PA 70%
Michael K. Simpson R ID 67%
Kyrsten Sinema D AZ 33%
Albio Sires D NJ 20%
Louise Slaughter D NY 10%
Adam Smith D WA 20%
Adrian Smith R NE 70%
Christopher H. Smith R NJ 50%
Jason T. Smith R MO 70%
Lamar Smith R TX 67%
Lloyd Smucker R PA 70%
Darren Soto D FL 20%
Jackie Speier D CA 13%
Elise Stefanik R NY 50%
Chris Stewart R UT 70%
Steve Stivers R OH 78%
Thomas R. Suozzi D NY 30%
Eric Swalwell D CA 10%
Mark Takano D CA 20%
Scott Taylor R VA 70%
Claudia Tenney R NY 70%
Bennie G. Thompson D MS 11%
Glenn Thompson R PA 70%
Mike Thompson D CA 10%
Mac Thornberry R TX 70%
Patrick Tiberi R OH 78%
Scott Tipton R CO 70%
Dina Titus D NV 11%
Paul D. Tonko D NY 10%
Norma J. Torres D CA 20%
Dave Trott R MI 60%
Niki Tsongas D MA 11%
Michael R. Turner R OH 70%
Fred Upton R MI 56%
David G. Valadao R CA 60%
Juan Vargas D CA 20%
Marc A. Veasey D TX 20%
Filemon Vela D TX 30%
Nydia M. Velazquez D NY 20%
Peter Visclosky D IN 10%
Ann Wagner R MO 70%
Tim Walberg R MI 70%
Greg Walden R OR 70%
Bradley Walker R NC 70%
Jackie Walorski R IN 70%
Mimi Walters R CA 70%
Timothy Walz D MN 10%
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D FL 13%
Maxine Waters D CA 11%
Bonnie Watson Coleman D NJ 20%
Randy K. Weber R TX 70%
Daniel Webster R FL 86%
Peter Welch D VT 20%
Brad Wenstrup R OH 70%
Bruce Westerman R AR 70%
Roger Williams R TX 70%
Frederica S. Wilson D FL 11%
Joe Wilson R SC 70%
Robert J. Wittman R VA 70%
Steve Womack R AR 70%
Rob Woodall R GA 70%
John Yarmuth D KY 10%
Kevin Yoder R KS 70%
Ted Yoho R FL 80%
David Young R IA 80%
Don Young R AK 70%
Lee Zeldin R NY 67%

Average Freedom Score by Party

PartyScore
Democrat16.8%
Libertarian80%
Republican68.8%
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