Freedom Index 119-3

“The Freedom Index: A Congressional Scorecard Based on the U.S. Constitution” rates members of Congress based on their adherence to constitutional principles of limited government, fiscal responsibility, national sovereignty, and a traditional foreign policy of avoiding foreign entanglements. For information on the criteria we use to select the votes, go to FreedomIndex.us/about.

To learn how any representative or senator voted on the key measures described herein, look him or her up in the vote charts. The scores are derived by dividing a congressman’s constitutional votes (pluses) by the total number he cast (pluses and minuses) and multiplying by 100. The average House score for this index is 40 percent (64 percent for the Republicans and 16 percent for the Democrats), and the average Senate score is 38 percent (52 percent for the Republicans and 22 percent for the Democrats). Two representatives (Thomas Massie of Kentucky and Warren Davidson of Ohio) and one senator (Rand Paul of Kentucky) earned 100 percent. We encourage readers to examine how their own legislators voted on each of the 10 key measures. We also encourage readers to commend legislators for their constitutional votes, and to urge improvement where needed.

Our third look at the 119th Congress shows how every member of the House and Senate voted on key issues such as foreign aid, war powers, ObamaCare subsidies (House only), and immigration.

Share this Freedom Index in your district to inform people about the constitutionality of their elected officials' votes.

House Votes

Senate Votes

21. Appropriations

Would appropriate $187 billion in total funding for select federal agencies in fiscal 2026.

Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$1,373.00/year

H.R. 6938 Roll Call 11 Passed 82 to 15 on Jan 15, 2026 See Article I Section 8

22. Refugee-assistance Funding

Would eliminate $5.16 billion in refugee-and-entrant-assistance funding.

Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes Cost per household: -$38.31/year

H.R. 7148 Roll Call 14 Rejected 32 to 67 on Jan 30, 2026 See Article I Section 8

23. Foreign Aid

Would preserve $12 billion in bilateral economic assistance for the United States African Development Foundation.

Read More Constitutional Vote: No

H.R. 7148 Roll Call 17 Passed 58 to 42 on Jan 30, 2026 See Article I Section 8

24. War Powers

Would direct the U.S. president to end the war in Iran unless Congress explicitly declares war.

Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes

S. J. Res. 104 Roll Call 46 See Article I Section 8

25. Housing

Would expand federal involvement in housing.

Read More Constitutional Vote: No

H.R. 6644 Roll Call 53 Passed 89 to 10 on Mar 12, 2026 See Article I Section 8

26. VA Abortion-services Rule

Would overturn a pro-life Department of Veterans Affairs rule that excluded abortion from its "medical benefits package."

Read More Constitutional Vote: No

S. J. Res. 103 Roll Call 72 Rejected 48 to 49 on Mar 25, 2026 See Fifth Amendment 14th Amendment

27. Border Security vs. Government Programs

Would cut $45 billion for foreign aid, $16 billion for the Department of Education, $5 billion for refugee programs, and $4 billion for the National Science Foundation in order to offset a $70 billion increase in border-security spending.

Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes

S. Con. Res. 33 Roll Call 99 Rejected 25 to 72 on Apr 23, 2026 See Article I Section 8 Article IV Section 4

28. DACA Amnesty

Would redirect $10 million for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, and prohibit the use of the funds to detain or deport DACA recipients.

Read More Constitutional Vote: No

S. 2 Roll Call 152 Rejected 48 to 50 on Jun 5, 2026 See Article IV Section 4

29. Law-enforcement Grants

Would redirect $31 billion designated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to Department of Justice grants for local law enforcement.

Read More Constitutional Vote: No

S. 2 Roll Call 160 Rejected 45 to 52 on Jun 5, 2026 See Article I Section 8 10th Amendment

30. FISA Reauthorization

Would extend for three years the expiration date of Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.

Read More Constitutional Vote: No

S. 1318 Roll Call 164 Rejected 46 to 52 on Jun 5, 2026 See Fourth Amendment

How did they vote?

Legend: Constitutional Unconstitutional Did not vote

Name	Party	State	Score	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Angela D. Alsobrooks	D	MD	20%
Tammy Baldwin	D	WI	20%
Jim Banks	R	IN	60%
John Barrasso	R	WY	60%
Michael F. Bennet	D	CO	29%
Marsha Blackburn	R	TN	67%
Richard Blumenthal	D	CT	20%
Cory A. Booker	D	NJ	33%
John Boozman	R	AR	30%
Katie Boyd Britt	R	AL	60%
Ted Budd	R	NC	70%
Maria Cantwell	D	WA	20%
Shelley Moore Capito	R	WV	30%
Bill Cassidy	R	LA	44%
Susan M. Collins	R	ME	10%
Chris Coons	D	DE	20%
John Cornyn	R	TX	50%
Catherine Cortez Masto	D	NV	20%
Tom Cotton	R	AR	50%
Kevin Cramer	R	ND	50%
Mike Crapo	R	ID	50%
Ted Cruz	R	TX	70%
John Curtis	R	UT	56%
Steve Daines	R	MT	50%
Tammy Duckworth	D	IL	20%
Dick Durbin	D	IL	20%
Joni Ernst	R	IA	40%
John K. Fetterman	D	PA	0%
Deb Fischer	R	NE	40%
Ruben Gallego	D	AZ	20%
Kirsten E. Gillibrand	D	NY	20%
Lindsey Graham	R	SC	30%
Chuck Grassley	R	IA	44%
William F. Hagerty	R	TN	67%
Margaret Wood Hassan	D	NH	20%
Josh Hawley	R	MO	70%
Martin Heinrich	D	NM	20%
John W. Hickenlooper	D	CO	30%
Mazie K. Hirono	D	HI	20%
John Hoeven	R	ND	50%
Jon Husted	R	OH	60%
Cindy Hyde-Smith	R	MS	50%
Ron Johnson	R	WI	80%
James C. Justice	R	WV	50%
Tim Kaine	D	VA	20%
Mark Kelly	D	AZ	20%
John Kennedy	R	LA	70%
Andy Kim	D	NJ	30%
Angus S. King	I	ME	20%
Amy Klobuchar	D	MN	20%
James Lankford	R	OK	40%
Mike Lee	R	UT	90%
Ben Ray Lujan	D	NM	20%
Cynthia Lummis	R	WY	70%
Ed Markey	D	MA	30%
Roger Marshall	R	KS	50%
Mitch McConnell	R	KY	30%
David McCormick	R	PA	60%
Jeff Merkley	D	OR	20%
Ashley Moody	R	FL	67%
Jerry Moran	R	KS	30%
Bernie Moreno	R	OH	60%
Markwayne Mullin	R	OK	20%
Lisa Murkowski	R	AK	10%
Chris Murphy	D	CT	30%
Patty Murray	D	WA	20%
Jon Ossoff	D	GA	20%
Alex Padilla	D	CA	30%
Rand Paul	R	KY	100%
Gary Peters	D	MI	22%
Jack Reed	D	RI	20%
Pete Ricketts	R	NE	40%
James E. Risch	R	ID	50%
Lisa Blunt Rochester	D	DE	20%
Jacky Rosen	D	NV	20%
Mike Rounds	R	SD	40%
Bernie Sanders	I	VT	30%
Brian Schatz	D	HI	33%
Adam Schiff	D	CA	30%
Eric Schmitt	R	MO	70%
Chuck Schumer	D	NY	20%
Rick Scott	R	FL	90%
Tim Scott	R	SC	50%
Jeanne Shaheen	D	NH	20%
Tim Sheehy	R	MT	60%
Elissa Slotkin	D	MI	20%
Tina Smith	D	MN	20%
Dan Sullivan	R	AK	50%
John Thune	R	SD	40%
Thom Tillis	R	NC	40%
Tommy Tuberville	R	AL	70%
Chris Van Hollen	D	MD	20%
Mark R. Warner	D	VA	22%
Raphael G. Warnock	D	GA	20%
Elizabeth Warren	D	MA	30%
Peter Welch	D	VT	20%
Sheldon Whitehouse	D	RI	20%
Roger Wicker	R	MS	30%
Ron Wyden	D	OR	20%
Todd Young	R	IN	50%

Average Freedom Score by Party

Party	Score
Democrat	22%
Independent	25%
Republican	52.2%

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