Freedom Index 117-4

Our fourth (and final) look at the 117th Congress shows how every member of the House and Senate voted on key issues such as an assault weapons ban (House only), marriage, and the so-called Inflation Reduction Act.

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Senate Votes

31. Semiconductor Incentives

Spends $54.2 billion on multiple unconstitutional research, development, and manufacturing programs, and authorizes an additional $168.7 billion in spending.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$425.00/year
H.R. 4346 Roll Call 271 See Article I Section 8

32. Foreign Aid

Would offset the cost of S. 3373 by prohibiting USAID from distributing foreign-aid funds, other than to Israel, for 10 years.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes Benefit per household: +$54.00/year
S. 3373 Roll Call 277 See Article I Section 8

33. Declaration of War

Under the U.S. Constitution, only the Congress may declare war.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
Treaty Doc. 117-3 Roll Call 281

34. Expanding NATO

NATO is based on the principle of collective security, as opposed to each country acting in its own best interests. Under Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, "The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them … shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them … will assist the Party or Parties so attacked." The expansion of this entangling military alliance, which was comprised of just 12 members at the time of its founding, increases the likelihood of the United States being drawn into a military conflict.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
Treaty Doc. 117-3 Roll Call 282

35. Targeting Parents as Domestic Terrorists

Congress should ensure that executive branch officials do not abridge parents' freedom of speech or their right to peaceably assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances, which is protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
H.R. 5376 Roll Call 316

36. Inflation Reduction Act

Spends at least $512 billion on multiple unconstitutional and left-wing programs and initiatives.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$4,014.00/year
H.R. 5376 Roll Call 325 See Article I Section 8

37. Hydrofluorocarbons Reduction

Ratifies the Kigali Amendment to the 1987 Montreal Protocol, requiring the U.S. to increase regulations.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
Treaty Doc. 117-1 Roll Call 343

38. Terminate Covid-19 National Emergency

It is unconstitutional to suspend the U.S. Constitution by declaring national public health emergencies.
Read More Constitutional Vote: Yes
S.J.Res. 63 Roll Call 355

39. Marriage

Repeals the Defense of Marriage Act and codifies the "right" to marry regardless of sexual orientation.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No
H.R. 8404 Roll Call 362

40. Omnibus 2023 Spending

Spends $1.7 trillion on multiple unconstitutional programs and agencies.
Read More Constitutional Vote: No Cost per household: -$13,328.00/year
H.R. 2617 Roll Call 421 See Article I Section 8

How did they vote?

Legend: Constitutional Unconstitutional Did not vote
Name Party State Score 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Tammy Baldwin D WI 0%
John Barrasso R WY 67%
Michael F. Bennet D CO 0%
Marsha Blackburn R TN 80%
Richard Blumenthal D CT 0%
Roy Blunt R MO 30%
Cory A. Booker D NJ 0%
John Boozman R AR 50%
Mike Braun R IN 90%
Sherrod Brown D OH 0%
Richard Burr R NC 38%
Maria Cantwell D WA 0%
Shelley Moore Capito R WV 30%
Benjamin Cardin D MD 0%
Thomas Carper D DE 0%
Robert Casey D PA 0%
Bill Cassidy R LA 50%
Susan M. Collins R ME 30%
Chris Coons D DE 0%
John Cornyn R TX 71%
Catherine Cortez Masto D NV 10%
Tom Cotton R AR 60%
Kevin Cramer R ND 67%
Mike Crapo R ID 67%
Ted Cruz R TX 80%
Steve Daines R MT 70%
Tammy Duckworth D IL 0%
Dick Durbin D IL 0%
Joni Ernst R IA 50%
Dianne Feinstein D CA 0%
Deb Fischer R NE 70%
Kirsten E. Gillibrand D NY 0%
Lindsey Graham R SC 40%
Chuck Grassley R IA 60%
William F. Hagerty R TN 70%
Margaret Wood Hassan D NH 0%
Josh Hawley R MO 90%
Martin Heinrich D NM 0%
John W. Hickenlooper D CO 10%
Mazie K. Hirono D HI 0%
John Hoeven R ND 70%
Cindy Hyde-Smith R MS 60%
James Inhofe R OK 60%
Ron Johnson R WI 90%
Tim Kaine D VA 10%
Mark Kelly D AZ 0%
John Kennedy R LA 60%
Angus S. King I ME 10%
Amy Klobuchar D MN 10%
James Lankford R OK 80%
Patrick Leahy D VT 0%
Mike Lee R UT 90%
Ben Ray Lujan D NM 0%
Cynthia Lummis R WY 70%
Joe Manchin D WV 11%
Ed Markey D MA 0%
Roger Marshall R KS 90%
Mitch McConnell R KY 40%
Bob Menendez D NJ 0%
Jeff Merkley D OR 0%
Jerry Moran R KS 40%
Lisa Murkowski R AK 33%
Chris Murphy D CT 10%
Patty Murray D WA 0%
Jon Ossoff D GA 0%
Alex Padilla D CA 0%
Rand Paul R KY 100%
Gary Peters D MI 0%
Rob Portman R OH 30%
Jack Reed D RI 0%
James E. Risch R ID 67%
Mitt Romney R UT 30%
Jacky Rosen D NV 10%
Mike Rounds R SD 60%
Marco Rubio R FL 60%
Bernie Sanders I VT 10%
Benjamin Sasse R NE 38%
Brian Schatz D HI 0%
Chuck Schumer D NY 0%
Rick Scott R FL 70%
Tim Scott R SC 70%
Jeanne Shaheen D NH 10%
Richard Shelby R AL 60%
Kyrsten Sinema D AZ 10%
Tina Smith D MN 0%
Debbie Stabenow D MI 0%
Dan Sullivan R AK 60%
Jon Tester D MT 10%
John Thune R SD 60%
Thom Tillis R NC 40%
Pat Toomey R PA 67%
Tommy Tuberville R AL 70%
Chris Van Hollen D MD 0%
Mark R. Warner D VA 10%
Raphael G. Warnock D GA 0%
Elizabeth Warren D MA 0%
Sheldon Whitehouse D RI 0%
Roger Wicker R MS 40%
Ron Wyden D OR 0%
Todd Young R IN 30%

Average Freedom Score by Party

PartyScore
Democrat2.3%
Independent10%
Republican59.9%
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