Even though a lame-duck session is not unconstitutional, it undermines the representative government established by the Constitution.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to pay for healthcare for the poor or to fund education. Also, there is no statistical evidence showing that federal involvement in education has increased learning -- though it certainly has increased federal bureaucracy and control.

Federal spending needs to be cut back and the appropriations are unconstitutional.

The bill is unaffordable and most of the spending is unconstitutional.

The spending is over and above what the federal government already budgeted, Congress never declared war against Iraq and Afghanistan, and some of the spending (e.g., foreign aid) is unconstitutional.

Extending unemployment benefits provides a disincentive for finding work while adding to the cost of government and doing nothing to create jobs. Indeed, if unemployment benefits were a good solution to the unemployment problem, then why not make unemployment benefits permanent? The solution, instead, is to end government and Fed intervention in the market so the market can create more and better jobs.

Ramping up regulatory control of the financial sector by the Fed and the federal government is not only unconstitutional but will make it exceedingly more difficult for the economy to recover.

Government should not infringe on the right to free speech of corporations, unions, and other interest groups.

The unconstitutionality and wrongness of requiring anyone to purchase a product or service -- in this case health insurance.

Entrepreneurs and not government should decide which technologies to invest in and to what extent.

Entrepreneurs and not government should decide which technologies to invest in and to what extent.

The federal government has no constitutional authority to manage the healthcare industry or the student-loan industry.

The federal government cannot afford to add to existing spending and because the federal government has no constitutional authority to provide disaster relief or jobs funding.

HR3590 ObamaCare (Passed 219 to 210 on 3/21/2010, Roll Call 165). Popularly known as "ObamaCare," this bill essentially completed the government takeover of the American healthcare system.

HCR248 Withdrawing U.S. Soldiers From Afghanistan (Rejected 65 to 356 on 3/10/2010, Roll Call 98). Would direct the President to remove the U.S. Armed Forces from Afghanistan within 30 days of enactment, or by the end of the year.

The provisions violate the right of the people to (in the words of the Fourth Amendment) "be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures."

Raising the national debt allows the federal government to borrow more money and continue its gross fiscal irresponsibility.

Spending federal dollars to create jobs is unsustainable and unconstitutional.

More government control of the economy will do more harm than good.

HR3288 Omnibus Appropriations (Passed 221 to 202 on 12/10/2009, Roll Call 949). This legislation is comprised of six appropriations bills that Congress failed to complete separately. The price tag in the final version of H.R. 3288 is about $1.1 trillion.

A federal government takeover of our healthcare system is not authorized by the Constitution and will cost most Americans more for healthcare.

The majority of funding in the bill is unconstitutional and wasteful.

Federal aid to farmers and federal food aid to individuals are not authorized by the Constitution.

The Department of Energy is not authorized by the Constitution.

The federal government should not be subsidizing the car industry and because it is unconstitutional and wasteful.

The array of social welfare programs funded by this bill is unconstitutional and has failed historically.

Virtually every dollar assigned to this bill, whether it is for transportation or housing assistance, is unconstitutional and unaffordable.

Foreign aid is unconstitutional and unworkable.

HR2454 Cap and Trade (Passed 219 to 212 on 6/26/2009, Roll Call 477). Would not merely "cap" carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gas emissions, ostensibly to fight global warming, but would reduce the amount of allowable emissions over time.

The spending is over and above what the federal government had already budgeted, the United States never declared war against Iraq and Afghanistan, and some of the spending (e.g., Cash for Clunkers and foreign aid) is unconstitutional.

The federal government should not be subsidizing the automotive companies via vouchers to customers. Besides, it's unconstitutional.

HR2200 Body Image Screening (Passed 310 to 118 on 6/4/2009, Roll Call 305). Rep. Jason Chaffetz (R-Utah) offered an amendment that would prohibit the use of Whole-Body Imaging as the primary method of screening at airports.

The spending is over and above what the federal government had already budgeted, the United States never declared war against Iraq and Afghanistan, and some of the spending (e.g., foreign aid) is unconstitutional.

SCR13 Budget Resolution (Passed 233 to 193 on 4/29/2009, Roll Call 216). The final version of the Fiscal 2010 Budget Resolution (SCR13) calls for $3.56 trillion in federal spending for the fiscal year.

This legislation would further federalize the criminal code as well as punish not only criminal acts, but the thoughts behind them.

Providing federal aid to local law-enforcement programs is not only unconstitutional, but also further federalizes the police system.

National-service programs are not authorized by the Constitution.

HR1 Economic Stimulus (Passed 248 to 183 on 2/13/2009, Roll Call 70). Provide $787 billion — $575 billion in new spending and $212 billion in tax cuts — to stimulate the economy.

Federal healthcare programs are unconstitutional and would likely lower the quality of healthcare.

The Constitution does not authorize Congress to grant financial aid or loans to private companies, e.g., banks and automakers.

HR1424 Bailout Bill (Passed 263 to 171 on 10/03/2008, Roll Call 681). Authorizes the Treasury Department to use $700 billion of taxpayer money to purchase troubled mortgage-related securities from banks and other financial-related institutions.

The Constitution does not authorize the federal government to assume regulation, much less micromanagement, of the energy industry.

Social Security numbers were not intended to be used and should not be used as the basis for a national ID database. An alternative measure (H.R. 5515) would have the screening for employment eligibility verification provided by state-administered private companies that already track employee verification for child-support enforcement.

Foreign aid is unconstitutional.

The federal government acting as an insurer, a micromanager of markets, and a wealth redistributor is unconstitutional and will undoubtedly affect market behavior, leading to more and worse market strife.

No federal or state government investigation (and there have been many over the years) has ever found broad market manipulation in the oil industry. Furthermore, there is no clear definition of "price gouging." Hence, this bill would likely have been counterproductive, as it would have created an incentive for retailers to close, rather than risk penalties for simply following the economic laws of supply and demand. Besides, the federal government has no business trying to dictate prices in the private sector, under any circumstances.

Warrantless searches are a violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures, and requires that any searches be conducted only upon issuance of a warrant under conditions of probable cause. Moreover, Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution forbids "ex post facto laws" -- laws having a retroactive effect.

Federal aid to farmers and federal food aid to individuals are not authorized by the Constitution.

Foreign aid is not authorized by the Constitution.

S Con Res 70 Budget Resolution (Passed 214 to 210 on 6/5/2008, Roll Call 382). Drafted by the Democrats, this $3.03 trillion budget sets nonbinding limits for the 12 annual appropriations bills. 

Federal aid to farmers and federal food aid to individuals are not authorized by the Constitution.

The federal government acting as an insurer, micro-manager of markets, and wealth redistributor is unconstitutional. Also, the morphing of H.R. 3221 from an energy bill into a foreclosure prevention bill was a procedural travesty.

The act would expand an unconstitutional federal power grab to control elections that was initiated through the disastrous Help America Vote Act of 2002 with its establishing of the EAC. That act fostered and financed a huge increase in the use of electronic voting equipment which can be hacked, lacks credible auditing, and vastly increases the potential for wholesale voter fraud. Politicians who caused that problem now seek its remedy through even more federal control and tax dollars. It is better (and constitutional!) for each state to manage and pay for its own elections.

Foreign Aid is unconstitutional.

The American welfare state this budget expands is unconstitutional. It should initially be frozen at least and then reduced.

Increasing taxes for the largest U.S. oil producers would drive gasoline prices higher and because Congress should not be subsidizing energy development, including renewable energy. The increased tax expense to corporations would simply be passed on to consumers. Targeting the top U.S. oil companies for making record profits is a disincentive to increasing exploration and production; undermines the exceedingly large capital base required to rebuild when Katrina-type hurricanes devastate the oil patch; and is unfair. Other companies and sectors with record profits would be untouched, not to mention foreign oil producers larger than Exxon.

HR5140 Economic Stimulus (Passed 385 to 35 on 1/29/2008, Roll Call 25).  Would provide about $150 billion in economic stimulus, including $101.1 billion in direct payments of rebate checks (typically $600) to most taxpayers in 2008

Federal healthcare programs are unconstitutional.

Social-welfare programs are unconstitutional.

The bill advances the federalizing of the educational system, and federal involvement in education is unconstitutional.

HR3688 Peru Free Trade Agreement (Passed 285 to 132 on 11/8/2007, Roll Call 1060). Transfers the power to regulate trade (and other powers as well) to regional arrangements.

This bill threatens legitimate dissent.

Warrantless surveillance of American citizens is a violation of the Fourth Amendment provision against "unreasonable searches and seizures." Although the bill includes a sunset provision causing it to expire after six months, President Bush has already called for making the bill permanent.

Federal aid to farmers and federal food aid to individuals are not authorized in the Constitution.

Federal healthcare funding is unconstitutional.

The NAFTA Superhighway threatens our national security and economy.

The federal government should not subsidize the housing of illegal aliens. (Of course, it should end housing subsidies to American citizens as well since such aid is unconstitutional.)

Amendment to HR2643 Global Climate Change (Rejected 153 to 274 on 6/26/2007, Roll Call 555).  Strikes from the bill nonbinding language calling for a mandatory program to combat global warming.

Foreign aid is unconstitutional.

This act would effectively create an unconstitutional national ID card.

The power to declare war belongs solely to Congress, not the president. Under Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, Congress alone has the power to declare war.

Providing federal aid to local law enforcement programs is not only unconstitutional, but it also further federalizes the police system.

Allowing Mexican truckers to travel freely on U.S. roads would not only threaten U.S. security, but would also displace numerous American truckers who would lose their jobs to Mexican drivers who are willing to work for a much lower wage.

HR2237 Iraq Troop Withdrawal (Rejected 171 to 255 on 5/10/2007, Roll Call 330). The bill would require the withdrawal of troops and contractors to begin within 90 days of the bill's enactment, and to be completed within 180 days from the beginning date of the withdrawal.

This legislation would further federalize the criminal code as well as punish not only the criminal and his actions, but the presumed thoughts behind them.

This bill perpetuates a federal funded education program, and federal aid to education is unconstitutional.

This contains an enormous amount of unconstitutional spending, raised the federal minimum wage, and authorized money for the Iraq War, which itself was never authorized by Congress under Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution.

Congress must not continue to support massive amounts of irresponsible and unconstitutional spending.

This violates the right to life for millions of unborn babies and unconstitutionally mandates federal funds for scientific research.

It is unconstitutional for the government to prohibit citizens from working for less than government-set wage.