Montana Vote Reports

2025-2 MT Legislative Scorecard

The following scorecard lists several key votes in the Montana Legislature in 2025 and ranks state representatives and senators based on their fidelity to (U.S.) constitutional and limited-government principles.

Senate Votes

  • Article V Commission

    Proposed establishing a framework for selecting, overseeing, and potentially removing commissioners to represent Montana at a potential Article V Convention for proposing amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

  • Squatters and Property Rights

    Strengthens property rights by establishing criminal penalties for unlawful squatting and fraudulent property listings.

  • Repeal Federal Mandates Act

    Prohibits state and local agencies from implementing or enforcing federal mandates that are not explicitly authorized by the U.S. Constitution.

  • Voter-roll Clean-up

    Revises Montana's election laws concerning the maintenance of active and inactive voter-registration lists.

  • Student-loan Assistance

    Expands the state's Quality Educator Loan Assistance Program.

  • Movie Tax Credits

    Expands and extends the state's film and media production tax credit program under the MEDIA Act through 2045.

House Votes

  • Sheriffs First

    Would require federal law-enforcement officers to notify and obtain permission from county sheriffs before conducting arrests, searches, or seizures within Montana.

  • Defend the Guard

    Would restrict the deployment of the Montana National Guard into active combat without an official declaration of war by the U.S. Congress.

  • DEI Ban

    Would prohibit state and local government agencies from funding or operating diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs.

  • Repeal Federal Mandates Act

    Prohibits state and local agencies from implementing or enforcing federal mandates that are not explicitly authorized by the U.S. Constitution.

  • Movie Tax Credits

    Expands and extends Montana's film-and-media production tax-credit program under the MEDIA Act through 2045.

  • Montana Ammunition Act

    Exempts ammunition components and related manufacturing equipment from the state sales tax.

2025-2 MT Legislative Scorecard

The following scorecard lists several key votes in the Montana Legislature in 2025 and ranks state representatives and senators based on their fidelity to (U.S.) constitutional and limited-government principles.

Senate Votes

  • Article V Commission

    Proposed establishing a framework for selecting, overseeing, and potentially removing commissioners to represent Montana at a potential Article V Convention for proposing amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

  • Squatters and Property Rights

    Strengthens property rights by establishing criminal penalties for unlawful squatting and fraudulent property listings.

  • Repeal Federal Mandates Act

    Prohibits state and local agencies from implementing or enforcing federal mandates that are not explicitly authorized by the U.S. Constitution.

  • Voter-roll Clean-up

    Revises Montana's election laws concerning the maintenance of active and inactive voter-registration lists.

  • Student-loan Assistance

    Expands the state's Quality Educator Loan Assistance Program.

  • Movie Tax Credits

    Expands and extends the state's film and media production tax credit program under the MEDIA Act through 2045.

House Votes

  • Sheriffs First

    Would require federal law-enforcement officers to notify and obtain permission from county sheriffs before conducting arrests, searches, or seizures within Montana.

  • Defend the Guard

    Would restrict the deployment of the Montana National Guard into active combat without an official declaration of war by the U.S. Congress.

  • DEI Ban

    Would prohibit state and local government agencies from funding or operating diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs.

  • Repeal Federal Mandates Act

    Prohibits state and local agencies from implementing or enforcing federal mandates that are not explicitly authorized by the U.S. Constitution.

  • Movie Tax Credits

    Expands and extends Montana's film-and-media production tax-credit program under the MEDIA Act through 2045.

  • Montana Ammunition Act

    Exempts ammunition components and related manufacturing equipment from the state sales tax.

2025 MT Legislative Scorecard

The following scorecard lists several key votes in the Montana State Legislature in 2025 and ranks state representatives and senators based on their fidelity to (U.S.) constitutional and limited-government principles.

Senate Votes

  • Separation of Powers Doctrine

    Sought to codify the separation of powers doctrine by delineating the roles and authorities of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, as well as defining the powers of the Board of Regents of Higher Education and the Board of Public Education.

  • K-12 Funding Increase

    Updates the state's K-12 school funding formula to include inflation adjustments.

  • Con-Con: Balanced Budget Amendment

    Sought to invoke Article V of the U.S. Constitution to apply for an Article V constitutional convention to propose constitutional amendments imposing fiscal restraints on the federal government.

  • Livestock Loss Assistance

    Expands the state's Livestock Loss Mitigation Program to include domestic bison.

  • Prohibit Intergovernmental Entities

    Prohibits the state and its subdivisions from enforcing or funding mandates issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN), or World Economic Forum (WEF).

  • Red Flag Law Ban

    Prohibits local governments from enacting or enforcing extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs), commonly known as red flag laws, and bars local governments from receiving state or federal funds related to the enforcement of ERPOs.

House Votes

  • K-12 Funding Increase

    Updates the state's K-12 school funding formula to include inflation adjustments.

  • Immigration Enforcement

    Empowers state prosecutors to pursue criminal charges against individuals who are subject to federal immigration detention for offenses committed within Montana.

  • Prohibit Intergovernmental Entities

    Prohibits the state and its subdivisions from enforcing or funding mandates issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN), or World Economic Forum (WEF).

  • Sound Money

    Proposed recognizing gold and silver coins and bullion issued by the U.S. government as legal tender within the state.

  • Con-Con

    Sought to invoke Article V of the U.S. Constitution to apply for an Article V constitutional convention to propose constitutional amendments imposing fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting its power and jurisdiction, and establishing term limits for members of Congress.

  • Prohibit Sale of Aborted Fetal Body Parts

    Expands existing prohibitions on selling human body parts to explicitly include human fetal tissue and whole human bodies, banning their sale for purposes such as transplantation, therapy, research, education, or the training of search and rescue canines.

2023 MT Legislative Scorecard

The following scorecard lists several key votes in the Montana State Legislature in 2023 and ranks state representatives and senators based on their fidelity to (U.S.) constitutional and limited-government principles.

This is our second state-level Scorecard; the selected votes may not be reflective of legislators' overall records. Their cumulative scores will change as we add more votes. Please check regularly for updates.

Senate Votes

  • Right to Carry in Montana’s Constitution

    Would propose to amend Montana's Constitution by declaring that it is the "right of any person to keep and bear arms" and removing the restrictive clause regarding the carrying of concealed weapons.

  • Prohibiting Ranked-Choice Voting

    Prohibits a ranked-choice voting method from being used to determine the election or nomination of a candidate to a local, state, or federal office.

  • Resolution on Marbury v. Madison

    Resolves that "the belief that the court has exclusive authority to interpret the constitution and that its decisions are binding on the other two branches is a myth based on a faulty understanding" of the U.S. Supreme Court's opinion in Marbury v. Madison.

  • “Electronic Money” in the Uniform Commercial Code

    Would have, prior to being amended by the House, adopted a new definition of "electronic money" in the Uniform Commercial Code.

  • Article V Convention: Constitutional Amendments

    Would apply to Congress for a "convention of the states" under Article V of the U.S. Constitution.

  • No Right to Abortion

    Clarifies that the right of individual privacy, as referenced in the Constitution or laws of Montana, "does not create, and may not be construed as creating or recognizing, a right to abortion or to governmental funding of abortion."

House Votes

  • Right to Carry in Montana’s Constitution

    Would propose to amend Montana's Constitution by declaring that it is the "right of any person to keep and bear arms" and removing the restrictive clause regarding the carrying of concealed weapons.

  • Resolution on Marbury v. Madison

    Resolves that "the belief that the court has exclusive authority to interpret the constitution and that its decisions are binding on the other two branches is a myth based on a faulty understanding" of the U.S. Supreme Court's opinion in Marbury v. Madison.

  • “Sheriffs First” Bill

    Would require federal employees to obtain the county sheriff's written permission prior to making an "arrest, search, or seizure" in the state.

  • Prohibiting Ranked-Choice Voting

    Prohibits a ranked-choice voting method from being used to determine the election or nomination of a candidate to a local, state, or federal office.

  • Defend the Guard Act

    Would have prevented any member of the Montana National Guard from being deployed for active duty combat without Congress passing an "official declaration of war."

  • Article V Convention: Balanced Budget Amendment

    Would apply to Congress for a "convention of the states" under Article V of the U.S. Constitution for the "sole purpose" of proposing a federal balanced budget amendment (BBA).

2021 MT Legislative Scorecard

The following scorecard lists several key votes in the Montana Legislature in 2021 and ranks their State Senators and House Representatives based on their fidelity to (U.S.) constitutional and limited-government principles.

This is our first state-level Scorecard; the selected votes may not be reflective of legislators' overall records. Their cumulative scores will change as we add more votes. Please check regularly for updates.

Senate Votes

  • Concealed Carry Expansion

    expands the ability of individuals to provide for their own defense by reducing or eliminating government mandated locations where citizens are prevented from exercising their right to defend themselves.

  • Article V - Con Con

    Would have applied to Congress for a Convention of States to propose a congressional term limits amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

  • State's Rights

    requires a review of presidential executive orders by Montana's Attorney General relating to certain subjects that may be unconstitutional for the purposes of nullification.

  • Voter ID

    Requires a Montana driver's license, Montana state ID or Social Security card to register to vote.

  • Religious Freedom

    Provides that religious services are an essential service during a pandemic or disaster.

  • Parental Rights

    Provides that if a parent prevails in a judicial proceeding against a governmental entity for violating their parental fundamental rights, the parent is entitled to attorney fees and costs paid by the governmental entity.

House Votes

  • Gun Rights - Nullification

    Prohibits government entities from allocating funds or using resources to enforce unconstitutional federal gun bans.

  • Health Board Accountability

    Ensures that local health board are more accountable to elected officials.

  • Nullification

    Prohibits infringement of Montana's constitutional right to nullify any federal statute, mandate, or executive order that may be considered unconstitutional.

  • Voter Registration

    Closes late voter registration at noon the day before the election instead of having same day registration.

  • Vaccination Discrimination

    Prohibits employers from inquiring about the vaccination status of their employees.

  • Emergency Orders

    Prohibits emergency orders from restricting the ability of private business to conduct business.

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